1786

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Heads of State · obituary

Year of the fire horse丙午( at the beginning of the year Wood Snake乙巳)

Syria: 2097/98 ( the year in October )

• 2.1 First Quarter
• 2.2 Second Quarter
• 2.3 Third Quarter
• 2.4 Fourth Quarter
• 2.5 Exact date of birth unknown

• 3.1 First half of
• 3.2 Second half of

Events

Politics and World Affairs

• 20 March: The Svenska Academies in Stockholm is by King Gustav III. established to promote the Swedish language and literature.
• April gubernatorial election in New York in 1786
• August 17: change of dynasty in Prussia. In Frederick the Great followed his nephew Frederick William II, the eldest son of the Prussian Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia, the younger brother of Frederick the Great.
• September: In Massachusetts, Shays ' Rebellion begins under the leadership of Daniel Shays.
• November 4: The French explorer Jean -François de La Pérouse discovered the first European to one of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, baptizing them, Ile Necker ( after the French finance minister Jacques Necker ).
• November 30 The Grand Duchy of Tuscany creates the first country from the death penalty.

Economy

• October 31: The Swedish King Gustav III. approved setting up of the Swedish West India Company with the privilege to trade with the island of Saint -Barthélemy and other Caribbean trading centers.

• November 25: The Newspaper for cities, towns and villages first appears. Publisher Hermann Braess.

Science and Technology

• August 24: Joseph Maximilian Freiherr von Lütgendorf starts from Augsburg to try to be with his " Gondolfiere " the first German air sailors.

• Immanuel Kant: Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science

Astronomy

Culture

• January 31: Orpheus og Euridice premiere of the opera by Johann Gottlieb Naumann in Copenhagen
• February 2: World premiere of the operetta The loyal Köhler by Justin Heinrich Knecht in Biberach an der Riss
• February 7: The comic opera Prima la musica e poi le parole by Antonio Salieri will be premiered at the Orangery of Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna. At the same occasion, the musical comedy The Impresario by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a libretto by Johann Gottlieb Stephanie is premiered, which deals with a similar theme. Salieri's work receives from the audience preference.
• March 30: World premiere of the opera Il Giulio Sabino by Luigi Cherubini at the King's Theatre in London
• May 1: The opera Le nozze di Figaro, K. 492, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna. The Italian libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte, based on the La Folle Journée comedy, ou Le mariage de Figaro by Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais from the year 1778. The opera is taken very mixed by the Viennese public.
• July 11: World premiere of the opera doctor and pharmacist Carl Ditter von Dittersdorf at the Imperial and Royal National Theatre in Vienna
• July 14: World premiere of the opera Raisin ou L' Epouse abandonnée by François- Joseph Gossec in Paris
• JANUARY 19: Premiere of the tragic opera Gustav Wasa by Johann Gottlieb Naumann at the Royal Opera in Stockholm

• Gottfried August Bürger published " Wonderful Travel ... of Baron Munchausen "
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe published Iphigenia in Tauris.

• Bellevue Palace in Berlin is completed.

Religion

• August Emser Punktation: Trying German bishops, to emancipate themselves from Rome, fails.
• December 4: The Mission Santa Barbara was founded.

Disasters

Sports

• 8 August: The first ascent of Mont Blanc by Jacques Balmat and Michel -Gabriel Paccard.

Born

First Quarter

• January 01: Dixon Denham, English explorer († 1828)
• January 05: Thomas Nuttall, English botanist and zoologist († 1859)
• January 05: Friedrich Schneider, German composer, organist and conductor († 1853)
• JANUARY 17: Nicholas Nack, German businessman and politician ( † 1860)
• January 24: Walter Forward, American politician († 1852)
• JANUARY 26: Benjamin Robert Haydon, English painter († 1846)
• JANUARY 30: Robert Glutz Blotzheim, Swiss writer and journalist († 1818)

• February 02: Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, French mathematician († 1856)
• February 02: Wilhelm Otto von Glasenapp, Russian Lieutenant General († 1862)
• 03 February: Wilhelm Gesenius, German theologian and linguist († 1842)
• February 07: Antonio José de Irisarri, Guatemalan Supreme Director of Chile ( † 1868)
• FEBRUARY 11: Ioannis Kapodistrias, Greek politician ( † 1831)
• February 15: Ferdinand Gotthelf hand, German classical scholar († 1851)
• FEBRUARY 15: Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Saxe -Weimar- Eisenach ( † 1859)
• February 18: Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki, Polish general († 1860)
• FEBRUARY 24: Martin W. Bates, American politician († 1869)

• February 24: Wilhelm Grimm, German language and literature scholars († 1859)
• FEBRUARY 26: Francois Arago, French physicist († 1853)
• FEBRUARY 27: Alexander Contee Hanson, American politician († 1819)

• March 04: Louis Amédée de Despans Cubières, French general († 1853)
• MARCH 17: Florentin, Prince of Salm- Salm († 1846)
• March 21: Joseph Vance, American politician († 1852)
• MARCH 22: Joachim Lelewel, Polish historian and freedom fighter († 1861)
• March 25: Giovanni Battista Amici, Italian inventor of a horizontal microscope with Reflexionstubus († 1863)
• MARCH 28: Claudius James Rich, archaeological researchers and Resident of the East India Company ( † 1820)

Second Quarter

• April 02: Edward Raczyński, Polish nobleman, founder of the Raczynski Library († 1845)
• 04 April: William A. Trimble, American soldier and politician († 1821)
• April 06: Robert Hanna, American politician († 1858)
• April 07: William R. King, American politician († 1853)
• April 09: Adolf Bäuerle, Austrian writer († 1859)
• April 15: John Franklin, English polar explorer († 1847)
• APRIL 16: Adam Albrecht, German painter of battles († 1862)
• APRIL 17: Charles- Angélique Huchet, French Lieutenant-General († 1815)
• APRIL 17: August Wilhelm von Neumann- Cosel, Prussian General of the Infantry and Chief of the Military Cabinet († 1865)
• April 18: Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee, Swiss composer and music author († 1868)

• May 01: Jacob Best, German businessman and brewer († 1861)
• May 03: St. Giuseppe Benedetto Cottolengo, Italian priest and founder of the Order († 1842)
• May 06: Ludwig Borne, German writer († 1837)
• May 08: Jean -Marie Vianney, a French priest, saint and patron saint († 1859)
• 09 May: William Slade, American politician († 1859)
• MAY 21: Karl Friedrich Klöden, German historian and geographer († 1856)
• MAY 23: Samuel Ward King, American politician († 1851)
• MAY 28: Louis McLane, U.S. Secretary of State († 1857)

• June 03: William Hilton, English painter († 1839)
• June 04: George Pollock, British field marshal († 1872)
• 08 June: Karl Ludwig Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden († 1818)
• JUNE 11: William Drumann, German historian († 1861)
• June 13: Winfield Scott, American military and commander († 1866)
• June 19: Fyodor Glinka, Russian writer († 1880)
• 20 June: Marceline Desbordes - Valmore, French writer († 1859)
• JUNE 24: Giovanni Arrivabene, Italian economist († 1881)
• June 26: Sunthon Phu, Thai poet († 1855)

Third Quarter

• 08 July: Eugen Wratislaw of Mitrowitz, Austrian general († 1867)
• 09 July: Rudolf Schadow, German sculptor († 1822)
• July 23: Eduard von Flottwell, German jurist and politician ( † 1865)

• August 31: Eugène Chevreul, a French chemist († 1889)

• September 04, Jehu Jones, American Pastor ( † 1852)
• September 05: Sergei Uvarov, a Russian politician and literary critic († 1855)
• 09 September: John Breathitt, American politician († 1834)
• September 10: Amos Abbott, American politician († 1868)
• September 11: Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer († 1832)
• September 12: August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard, German botanist († 1839)
• SEPTEMBER 18: Christian VIII, king of Denmark († 1848)
• SEPTEMBER 18: Robert Heriot Barclay, British naval officer († 1837)
• September 18: Justinus Kerner, German physician and poet († 1862)
• SEPTEMBER 19: Emanuel Friedrich von Fischer, Swiss politician († 1870)
• September 20: Franz Passow, German classical scholar († 1833)
• September 22: William Kelly, American politician († 1834)
• September 22: Karl Benjamin Preusker, German archaeologist, librarian and founder of the first public library in Germany ( † 1871)
• SEPTEMBER 27: Jose Mariono Elizaga, Mexican composer († 1842)

Fourth Quarter

• 03 October: Carl Almenräder, German bassoonist and instrument maker († 1846)
• October 14: Julius Haynau, Austrian general († 1856)
• October 21: Henry Lemoine, French music publisher and music teacher († 1854)
• October 25: Jules -Maurice Quesnel, Canadian explorer, businessman and politician († 1842)
• OCTOBER 27: Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Beck, German jurist († 1869)

• December 05: Henry Drummond, British House of Commons Member and co-founder of the Catholic Apostolic congregations († 1860)
• December 06: Karl Wolfgang Unzelmann, German actor and singer († 1843)
• December 10: William Schley, American politician († 1858)
• December 12: William L. Marcy, American politician, Senator and Secretary of State († 1857)
• December 15: Edward Coles, American politician († 1868)

Exact date of birth unknown

• Ahmed bin Muhammad Sharif Bey, Bey of Constantine ( † 1851)
• William George Browne, English explorer († 1813)
• Pierre Galin, French music theorists († 1821)

Died

First half year

• January 04: Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher of Jewish faith (* 1729 )
• 09 January: Joseph Charles Steward of Waldburg- Zeil - Wurzach, Prussian provost in Cologne ( * 1712)
• JANUARY 14: Meshech Weare, American politician (* 1713)
• JANUARY 26: Hans Joachim von Zieten, Prussian general (* 1699)

• February 03: Matthias Friese, German schoolmaster, organist and organ builder (* 1739 )
• February 08: Johann Kaspar Riesbeck, Hessian jurist, German writer, actor and Illuminate (* 1754)

• March 07: Franz Benda, German violinist and composer (* 1709)
• March 11: Charles Humphreys, American politician (* 1714)
• MARCH 16: Conrad Graf von Ahlefeldt, Count and Lord on Good Eschelsmark (* 1705)
• March 18: Ferdinand Sterzinger, Austrian Catholic theologian and canonist (* 1721)

• April 01: Ignaz Parhammer, Austrian educator and Jesuit (* 1715 )
• APRIL 10: John Byron, English South Sea Explorers ( * 1723)
• APRIL 20: John Goodricke, English astronomer (* 1764)

• May 03: Ernst August Schulze, German Reformed theologian (* 1721)
• May 06: Heinrich Christoph fog, German literary scholar, orator and Lutheran theologian (* 1745)
• 09 May: Johann Melchior Goeze, Prussian Protestant theologian (* 1717)
• May 10: Johann Friedrich von Hahn, Silesian physician in Breslau and canon of the congregation of St. Sebastian in Magdeburg (* 1725)
• MAY 19: John Stanley, English composer and organist (* 1712)

• MAY 21: Carl Wilhelm Scheele, German - Swedish chemist and pharmacist (* 1742)
• May 25. Peter III, Portuguese king from the house of Braganza (* 1717)

Second half- year

Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid

• 05 October: Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch, German physician and botanist (* 1714)
• 06 October: Antonio Sacchini, Italian composer (* 1730)
• OCTOBER 17: Johann Ludwig Aberli, Swiss artist ( * 1723)
• October 25: Friedrich Immanuel Black, German Lutheran theologian and educator (* 1728)
• October 31: Amelia Sophie Eleonore, British Princess (* 1711)

• November 02: Isidore Canevale Franco- Austrian architect (* 1730)
• NOVEMBER 25: Nathanael Gottfried Leske, German naturalist and geologist (* 1751 )
• November 30: Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Spanish military and politician ( * 1746 )

• DECEMBER 20: Philipp Ernst Lüders, German agricultural reformer and educator (* 1702)