1840

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Heads of State · obituary

Year of the Metal Rat庚子(at the beginning of Earth Pig己亥)

Syria: 2151/52 ( the year in October )

• 3.1 January / February
• 3.2 March / April
• 3.3 May / June
• 3.4 July / August
• 3.5 September / October
• 3.6 November / December
• 3.7 Exact date of birth unknown

• 4.1 First Quarter
• 4.2 Second Quarter
• 4.3 Third Quarter
• 4.4 Fourth Quarter
• 4.5 More death unknown

Events

Politics and World Affairs

Great Britain

More Events in Europe

• April 9: The county Ysenburg - Büdingen is collected at the Principality, Count Ernst Casimir III. of Isenburg - Büdingen is as Ernst Casimir I the first Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen.
• June 7: In Prussia occurs after the death of King Frederick William III. his son Frederick William IV of the regency.
• July 15: East crisis: Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia sign the Treaty of London on a pacification of the Levant. This quadruple alliance so that braces itself against a collapse of the Ottoman Empire by Egyptian separatist movements, which in turn supports France.
• August 6: Conservative Constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover

• October 7: In the Netherlands, King William I abdicates. His eldest son, Wilhelm II becomes the new ruler.
• November 5: The Ruswiler Declaration adopted in Switzerland by conservative Catholic citizens. Designed to the preservation of the old order Manifesto is a root of the Christian Democratic People's Party in the country.

Oceania

• February 6: The Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi ) is at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, signed.
• MAY 21: The late Governor William Hobson declared New Zealand to the previous Treaty of Waitangi as a sovereign under the British crown.

America

• JULY 23: Through the British Union law the creation of the province of Canada is regulated in the following year from the merging of Upper and Lower Canada.
• William Henry Harrison wins the presidential election in the United States in 1840 against the incumbent Martin Van Buren.

Antarctic

• January 20: One led by Jules Dumont d' Urville Antarctic expedition discovered Adélie Land.

Economy

• July 4: The Cunard Line establishes a regular steamship connections between Liverpool and Halifax and Boston. The RMS Britannia is the first ship used in the postal service.
• August 17: The Empire of Austria takes a second rail link for the Milan - Monza in operation. It is later part of the Lombardo- Venetian railways.

• The portion of Mannheim -Heidelberg Baden Mainline the first railway line was opened in Baden.

Science and Technology

• At the University of Zurich was founded in 1833 for the first time listeners are officially approved.
• The physician Carl von Basedow published a thyroid disease ( Graves' disease )
• Justus von Liebig published the book The chemistry in its application to agriculture and physiology
• First edition of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal

Culture and Society

• January 6: premiere of the opera Le Fromental Halévy Jacques draping in Paris.
• FEBRUARY 11: Premiere of the opera La fille du régiment ( The Daughter of the Regiment ) by Gaetano Donizetti at the Opéra -Comique in Paris.
• March 10: Premiere of the opera La vestal by Saverio Mercadante at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples.
• April 10: world premiere of The Martyrs by Gaetano Donizetti in Paris.
• June 23: world premiere of Hans Sachs of Albert Lortzingstraße in Leipzig.
• June 25: World premiere of the Symphony No. 2 by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy in Leipzig.
• June 28: Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel founded in Bad Blankenburg the first kindergarten in Germany.
• 8 August: The premiere of the opera Bátori Mária by Ferenc Erkel in Budapest.
• September 5: The Un giorno premiere of the opera by Giuseppe Verdi di regno La Scala in Milan is a fiasco.
• September 12: The composer Robert Schumann married in Schönefeld at Leipzig with judicial consent Clara Wieck, whose father forbade any contact between the two and refused entering into this marriage.
• November 17: The comedy The glass of water by Eugène Scribe has its world premiere in Paris.
• November 29: World premiere of the opera by Giovanni Pacini Saffo at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples.
• December 2nd premiere of the opera La Favorita ( The favorite ) by Gaetano Donizetti at the Grand Opéra Paris.

• Carl Spitzweg: The Butterfly Hunter

Religion

Disasters

• The city of Sonneberg in Thuringia is almost completely destroyed by fire.

Historic maps and views

Born

January / February

• January 01: Patrick Walsh, American politician († 1899)
• January 03: Damian de Veuster, Belgian priest and Seliger († 1889)
• January 10: Louis- Nazaire Bégin, Archbishop of Québec and Cardinal († 1925)
• JANUARY 13: Michael Haller, Regensburg church musician and composer († 1915)
• JANUARY 14: Hilarión Daza, Bolivian President ( † 1894)
• JANUARY 15: Jo Abbott, American politician († 1908)
• JANUARY 18: Ernst Rudorff, German musician, art educator and conservationist († 1916)
• JANUARY 18: Alfred Percy Sinnett, English author and theosophist († 1921)
• JANUARY 22: Adolphe Deslandres, French composer and organist († 1911)

• JANUARY 23: Ernst Abbe, German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, optician († 1905)
• January 25: Gideon Spicker, German philosopher of religion and a member of the Capuchin Order († 1912)
• January 31: Holmes Conrad, American lawyer and politician († 1915)
• January 31: Josef Ferch, romania German composer, church musician and music teacher († 1902)

• On February 2nd, Louis -Albert Bourgault - Ducoudray, French composer († 1910)
• On February 2nd, Otto Liebmann, German philosopher († 1912)
• February 5: Simeon Eben Baldwin, American politician († 1927)

• FEBRUARY 5: John Boyd Dunlop, Scottish engineer, inventor, engineer († 1921)

• February 5: Hiram Maxim, American- British inventor († 1916)
• February 5: Richard Nice, German archaeologist († 1922)
• FEBRUARY 10: Per Teodor Cleve, a Swedish naturalist († 1905)
• FEBRUARY 16: Friederike Bognár, German actress († 1914)

• February 22: August Bebel, German leader of the labor movement, socialist politician († 1913)
• February 22: George A. Sheridan, American politician († 1896)
• FEBRUARY 23: Carl Menger, Austrian economist († 1921)
• FEBRUARY 28: Henri Duveyrier, French Africa traveler ( † 1892)
• February 29: Paul Adolph, German jurist and politician ( † 1914)
• FEBRUARY 29: George D. Perkins, American politician († 1914)

March / April

• March 03: Friedrich " Fritz" Ludwig Tilman Achelis, German businessman and politician ( † 1917)
• March 04: Udo Stolberg- Wernigerode, politicians and Prussian civil servant († 1910)
• 06 March: Gustave Ruiz, French composer († unknown)
• March 14: David B. Henderson, American politician († 1906)
• March 15: Sophie Friederike Andreae, German writer († unknown)
• MARCH 16: Gaspard André, French architect († 1896)
• MARCH 16: Hans Georg Conon of the Gabelentz, German sinologist († 1893)
• 20./22. March: Silvia Andrea, Swiss writer († 1935)
• 20 March: Franz Mertens, German mathematician († 1927)
• MARCH 28: Eduard Schnitzer, German explorer († 1892)
• MARCH 29: Désiré André, French mathematician († 1918)
• March 30: Charles H. Sawyer, American politician († 1908)
• March 31: Benjamin Baker, English civil engineer († 1907)

• April 01: Vasily Vasilyevich Kuhner, Russian composer († 1911)

• April 02: Émile Zola, French writer and journalist († 1902)
• 05 April: Théodore Ritter, French pianist and composer († 1886)
• 06 April: Wilhelm Junker, German explorer († 1892)
• April 08: Julius Dammann, German clergyman and writer († 1908)
• 09 April: Wilhelm Exner, forest scientist, President of the Austrian Trade Association († 1931)
• April 22: Odilon Redon, French impressionist painter († 1916)
• April 27: Edward Whymper, English mountaineer († 1911)
• APRIL 28: George G. Symes, American politician († 1893)
• APRIL 29: Jacoby Leopold, German socialist poet († 1895)
• APRIL 30: Rudolph Eberhard Hillebrand, German architect and building contractor († 1924)

May / June

• May 04: George Gray, American politician and jurist († 1925)
• 06 May: John Raines, American politician († 1909)

• 07 May: Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Russian composer († 1893)
• MAY 13: Alphonse Daudet, French writer († 1897)
• MAY 24: Margaret, Princess of Saxony, Austrian Archduchess († 1858)
• May 27: Lars Fredrik Nilson, Swedish chemist († 1899)
• MAY 28: Hans Makart, Austrian painter and decorative artist († 1884)
• MAY 28: Viktor Wilhelm Russ, Austrian politician († 1920)
• MAY 28: Johann Baptist Schneider, Austrian General, Bishop († 1905)
• May 29: Josef Schneider, founder of the power station Horb († 1927)
• May 30: Anton Fischer, Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Cologne ( † 1912)

• June 02: Thomas Hardy, British writer († 1928)
• June 06: William Francis Bartlett, American General († 1876)
• 06 June: John Stainer, English organist and composer († 1901)
• June 07: Charlotte, Mexican Empress († 1927)
• June 08: Manuel José de Arriaga, Portuguese politician ( † 1905)
• 09 June: Akaki Tsereteli, Georgian writer and politician († 1915)
• JUNE 10: Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter († 1920)
• June 11: William Warner, American politician († 1916)
• JUNE 13: Oscar bump, German actor and writer († 1894)
• JUNE 18: Carl Klinke, Prussian soldier ( pioneer ) ( † 1864)
• 21 June: Edward Stanley Gibbons, English philatelist († 1913)
• 21 June: Emanuel Züngel, Czech poet, dramatist, librettist and translator († 1894)
• June 23: Hermann Wagner, German geographer († 1929)
• 24 June: Eugen Gutmann, German banker († 1925)

July / August

• 03 July: L. Bradford Prince, American politician († 1922)
• 08 July: Heinrich von Angeli, Austrian painter († 1925)
• 08 July: August Leskien, German and Slavic Indo-Europeanist († 1916)
• 09 July: William Freeman Vilas, American politician († 1908)
• July 11: Frank Morey, American politician († 1890)
• July 12: John Q. Tufts, American politician († 1908)
• July 14: Henry Schwengersbauer, German architect († 1906)
• JULY 16: William R. Brown, American politician († 1916)
• July 17: Édouard François André, French gardeners, landscapers and botanists († 1911)
• JULY 19: Jose Manuel Balmaceda, Chilean politician ( † 1891)
• JULY 20: Louis Andrieux, French politicians, police prefect of Paris and Ambassador († 1931)
• JULY 28: Anna Stainer - Knittel, Tyrolean portrait and flower painter († 1915)
• July 28: Edward Drinker Cope, American paleontologist and zoologist († 1897)

• August 01: Franz Simandl double bass player, music teacher and author († 1912)
• August 03: James Elton, English Africa traveler and travel writer († 1877)
• 06 August: Camille Crémer, French general († 1876)
• August 10: Károly Hornig, Archbishop of Veszprém and Cardinal († 1917)
• August 14: Richard von Krafft -Ebing, a German psychiatrist and coroner († 1902)
• August 15: Richard Abé, German steel moulder († 1919)
• August 20: Wilhelm Lehmann, German founder of the city of Rafaela († 1886)
• August 22: Thomas Johann Heinrich Mann, German businessman ( † 1891)
• AUGUST 28: Ira David Sankey, American singer and composer of sacred songs († 1908)
• August 31: William Dittenberger, German classical philologist and epigraphists († 1906)

September / October

• September 02: Giovanni Verga, Italian writer († 1922)
• September 05: Louis Auerbach, German poet († 1882)
• September 13: Joseph Lyman, American politician († 1890)
• September 14: George Elbridge Whiting, American composer and organist († 1923)
• September 20: Hugo Jentsch, German high school teacher, historian and country Prehistorical († 1916)
• SEPTEMBER 21: Murad V, Ottoman Sultan († 1904)
• SEPTEMBER 23: Simon B. Conover, American politician († 1908)
• September 23: Benno Jaffe, German chemist, industrialist and local politicians († 1923)
• September 25: William N. Roach, American politician († 1902)
• September 27: Alfred Thayer Mahan, American admiral († 1914)
• September 27: Thomas Nast, German American cartoonist († 1902)
• September 28: Rudolf Baumbach, German poet († 1905)
• September 30: Johan Svendsen, Norwegian composer († 1911)

• October 01: Edward H. Gillette, American politician († 1918)
• October 01: Anthony C. Higgins, American politician († 1912)
• October 01: Godfried Marschall, Austrian General, Bishop († 1911)
• October 04: Viktor Knorre, Russian astronomer († 1919)
• October 04: Charles Lenepveu, French composer and music teacher († 1910)
• 05 October: John Addington Symonds, English author and teacher († 1893)
• 06 October: Christian August Volquardsen, German historian († 1917)
• October 10: Evarts Worcester Farr, American politician († 1880)
• OCTOBER 11: Roberto Stagno, Italian opera tenor († 1897)
• OCTOBER 12: Luigi Bodio, Italian statistician († 1872)
• October 14: Heinrich Ebeling, German classical scholar and lexicographer
• October 14: Friedrich Kohlrausch, German physicist († 1910)
• October 14: Paul Güssfeldt, German traveler Africa († 1920)
• OCTOBER 15: E. John Ellis, American politician († 1889)
• October 15: August Mau, German archaeologist († 1909)
• October 21: Charles Triplett O'Ferrall, American politician († 1905)
• October 28: Joseph W. Fifer, American politician († 1938)
• OCTOBER 28: Georgina Schubert, German actress and singer († 1878)

November / December

• November 03: Johann Sperl, German painter († 1914)
• November 05: Moses A. McCoid, American politician († 1904)
• November 09: Robert d' Orléans, Duke of Chartres ( † 1910)

• 01 December: Marie Bracquemond, French painter of Impressionism († 1916)
• 05 December: Bertha Akermann - Hasslacher, German writer († 1904)
• December 15: Jules Danbe, French conductor and violinist († 1905)
• December 17: Christian Horneman, Danish composer († 1906)
• December 19: Giulio Ricordi, Italian music publisher and composer († 1912)
• December 24: Thomas Hurley Brents, American politician († 1916)
• December 25: Agnes Leclerq Joy, American circus rider and actress († 1912)
• December 27: Jacob Geis, Bavarian folk singer († 1908)
• DECEMBER 29: Felix Anton Dohrn, German zoologist, explorer of the phylogeny († 1909)
• December 31: Johann Ernst Sattler, German painter († 1923)

Exact date of birth unknown

• Pierre Eliyya subscription Alyonan, Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church († 1894)
• Manuel Domínguez Sánchez, Spanish painter († 1906)
• Agop Güllü, Armenian theater director († 1902)
• American Horse II, American Indian chief († 1908)
• Georges Jacobi, German composer and conductor († 1906)
• Chief Joseph, Nez Percé chief of the Indians († 1904)
• Ion Perdicaris, Greek -American playboy, whose kidnapping in 1904 the so-called Perdicaris incident triggered († 1925)
• Max Georg Schubert, German industrialist († 1901)
• Otto Wilhelm Thomé, German botanist († 1925)

Died

First Quarter

• January 06: Fanny Burney, English writer (* 1752)
• JANUARY 13: Karl Follen, German fraternity and writer (* 1796)
• January 16: Christian Ferdinand Siemens, father of the founder of Siemens AG (* 1787)
• JANUARY 17: Ignaz Ambros Amman, German cartographer and Landesgeometer (* 1753)
• JANUARY 18: Jodocus Heringa Eliza's zoon, Dutch Reformed theologian (* 1765 )
• JANUARY 22: Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, German anatomist and anthropologist (* 1752)
• January 27: Isaac Chauncey, American naval officer (* 1772)

• JANUARY 28: Ernst Ludwig Riepenhausen, German engraver (* 1765 )
• January 28: William Strong, American politician (* 1763)
• January 31: Joseph Utzschneider, German engineer (* 1763)

• 06 February: Peter van Bohlen, German orientalist (* 1796)
• FEBRUARY 13: Nicolas- Joseph Maison, a French general, marshal of France (* 1770)
• FEBRUARY 18: Elisabeth Christine Ulrike, daughter of Duke Charles I (Braunschweig ) (* 1746 )
• FEBRUARY 20: Wilhelm Gotthelf Lohrmann, German surveyor, cartographer, astronomer and meteorologist (* 1796)

• 02 March: Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers, German physician and astronomer (* 1758)
• March 04: Christopher Wulf of Ahlefeldt, Mr. Gut German -Lindau and Königsförde (* 1761)
• MARCH 18: Hans Georg von Carlowitz, minister of Saxony (* 1772)
• MARCH 18: Christopher G. Champlin, American politician (* 1768)
• March 23: William Maclure, Scottish geologist, scholar and philanthropist (* 1763)
• MARCH 27: Philipp Albert Stapfer, Swiss politician, diplomat and theologian (* 1766 )
• MARCH 28: Vincent Delacour, French composer (* 1808)
• MARCH 28: Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut, German jurist (* 1772)
• March 30: George Bryan Brummell, British Dandy, friend George IV (* 1778)

Second Quarter

• April 07: Thaddeus Betts, American politician (* 1789)
• April 12: Franz Anton von Gerstner, Austrian engineer (* 1796)
• APRIL 14: Christian Heinrich Delius, German archivist and historian (* 1778)

• April 25: Siméon Denis Poisson, French physicist and mathematician (* 1781)
• APRIL 29: Pierre Jean Robiquet, French chemist (* 1780)
• April 29: Caleb Rodney, American politician (* 1767)

• May 07: Caspar David Friedrich, German Romantic painters (* 1774)
• May 10: Catterino Cavos, Russian composer of Italian origin (* 1775)
• May 11: Eduard Joseph d' Alton, anatomist, archaeologist and engraver (* 1772)
• MAY 11: Johann Christoph Biernatzki, German writer (* 1795)
• MAY 14: Carl Ludwig Engel, a German-Finnish architect and painter (* 1778)
• MAY 14: Karl vom Stein zum Alten stone, Prussian politician (* 1770)
• MAY 19: John Adair, American politician and governor of Kentucky ( * 1757)
• May 25: Silvestre Blanco, Uruguayan politician (* 1783)
• May 27: Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (* 1782 )

• June 06: Marcellin Champagnat, French priest and founder of the Order of the Marist Brothers (* 1789)

• 07 June: . Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (* 1770)
• June 19: John Cockerill, British industrialist (* 1790)
• June 19: Pierre -Joseph Redouté, French painter (* 1759)
• June 26: William Smith, American politician (* 1762)
• June 29: Lucien Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte ( * 1775)

Third Quarter

• 06 July: Johann Heinrich Ramberg, German painter and graphic artist (* 1763)
• JULY 22: Józef Javurek Czech pianist, conductor and composer (* 1756 )

• JULY 23: Carl Blechen, German landscape painter (* 1798)
• JULY 28: John George Lambton, British statesman of the Whig party (* 1792)

• 01 August: Karl Otfried Müller, German philologist and archaeologist (* 1797)
• 08 August: Johann Friedrich Abegg, German businessman and Senator in Bremen ( * 1761)
• August 11: Simeon H. Anderson, American politician (* 1802)
• August 25: Carl Leberecht Immermann, German writer, poet and dramatist (* 1796)
• August 27: Herman Wedel Jarlsberg -, Norwegian politician (* 1779)

• September 02: Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen, a German physician, botanist and university professor (* 1804)
• September 05: Martin Chittenden, American politician (* 1763)
• SEPTEMBER 13: Vincent Hauschka, Bohemian composer (* 1766 )
• SEPTEMBER 15: Maria Beatrice of Savoy, daughter of Victor Emmanuel I. (* 1792)
• September 15: Franz Pecháček, Austro- German composer (* 1793)
• SEPTEMBER 16: Paul Rudolph of Bilguer, German chess master (* 1815)
• SEPTEMBER 24: Jacques MacDonald, Marshal of France (* 1765 )
• September 28: Claude -Emmanuel de Pastoret, French politician and writer (* 1755)
• September 29: Adolph Friedrich August Struve, German physician and chemist (* 1781)

Fourth Quarter

• 08 October: John Pratt, 1st Marquess Camden, British politician (* 1759)
• October 24: John S. Spence, American politician (* 1788)
• OCTOBER 26: Nicholas Aylward Vigors, Irish zoologist, ornithologist and politician ( * 1785 )
• OCTOBER 27: Machbuba, storied child woman from Ethiopia (* 1825)
• OCTOBER 31: Johann Stieglitz, German physician (* 1767)

• December 02: Christopher Ellery, American politician (* 1768)
• December 11: Kōkaku, 119th Emperor of Japan (* 1771)
• December 13: Louis- Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais, French chess master (* 1797)
• December 13: José Güemes, Argentine independence fighter and politician (* 1803)
• December 16: Johann Friedrich Abegg, German theologian (* 1765 )
• DECEMBER 17: Friedrich August von Staegemann, German politician (* 1763)
• December 19: Felix Grundy, American politician (* 1777)
• December 21: John Herzog, Swiss politician and businessman (* 1773)
• DECEMBER 21: Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann, German physicist, historian, naturalist and entomologist (* 1770)
• December 31: Prentiss Mellen, American politician (* 1764)

More death unknown

• Heinrich Otto von Aderkas, General of the Imperial Russian Army ( * 1770)
• Ndlela kaSompisi, advisers and military leaders of the Zulu kings Shaka and Dingane kaSenzangakhona kaSenzangakhona (* unknown)
• Thomas Hill Williams, American politician (* 1780)