Aceh Sultanate

The Sultanate of Aceh, official name Keurajeuën Aceh Darussalam ( Jawi: كاورجاون اچيه دارالسلام ), was a sultanate in the north of the island of Sumatra and consisted 1511-1903 In the 17th century it was the most important Muslim trading power in the Malay Archipelago as well as a major. center of Islamic mysticism. The sultan was in Kutaraja, today's Banda Aceh.

Political history

The Sultanate of Aceh on the northern tip of Sumatra began in 1511 as a competitor of the Sultanate of Johor. Under the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda (r. 1607-1636 ) it reached its greatest extent. Iskandar Muda tied relations with the Ottoman Empire, from which he received military aid, the Portuguese could temporarily wrest control of the Straits of Malacca and gain parts of the east coast of Sumatra. A historical specificity of Aceh is that here one after the other four women ruled as sultanas 1641-1699. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Sultanate witnessed a gradual but steady decline. Between 1873 and 1903 it was conquered by the Dutch.

Aceh as a center of Islamic mysticism in the 17th century

Through intensive pilgrimage activity of its scholars Aceh was already from the start in a particularly close connection to the holy sites in Mecca and Medina. This also reached Sufi teachings to Aceh. Two different teaching directions, and Wudschūdiyya Schuhūdiyya called, stood here in the 17th century building opposite. As Wudschūdiyya is called the mystical teaching direction oriented to the teaching of Ibn Arabi's panentheistic. She went from a " Oneness of Being " ( Wahdat al - wudschūd ) between Creator and creation. The followers of the Schuhūdiyya other hand rejected this teaching and felt that the resolution adopted by the Wudschūdiyya " unity of being " only a subjective perception ( schuhūd ) is. The they represent doctrine was therefore referred to as "unity of perception" ( Wahdat al- schuhūd ).

Also what is happening to the Sovereign was determined by the clashes between the two parties. While Iskandar Muda with Shams ad - Dīn Samatrānī promoted a representative of Wudschūdiyya and appointed him as Oberkadi, came under his successor, Iskandar Thani Ala II (reigned 1636-1641 ) of Gujarat from originating in India Wudschūdiyya opponents Nūr ad - Dīn ar - Rānīrī to the course, who burned the books of the Wudschūdiyya pendant Hamza Fanṣūrī and Samatrānī public and their students to death. Ar - Rānīrī held especially the wudschūditische doctrine of the a ʿ yan Thabita, the archetype of existing things that are to be latently contained in the self- reflection of the absolute existence from the beginning already, for heresy. He said that the Wudschūdīs by the a ʿ yan Thabita attributed to their normal life, violating the Islamic dogma of Tawheed. 1643 after Safiyat ud- Din had taken over the rule in the Sultanate received once the other party political upper hand, and ar - Rānīrī had to flee to Gujarat. Finally, the Schaṭṭāriyya Medal belonging to Sheikh ʿ Abd al -Ra ʾ UF as- Singkilī was appointed Oberkadi and Mufti at the court of Aceh, to settle the dispute between the Wudschūdīs and Schuhūdīs in the 1660s. He sat down beside it for a middle path which took consideration of the religious characteristics of the region.

The Schaṭṭāriyya Medal goes back to the originating from Gujarat Sheikh Sibghatullah (d. 1606), who founded the order of the late 16th century in India and then internationalized through mission in Hijaz. He played a very important role in the spread of Islam in Sumatra.

List of sultans and sultanas from Aceh

  • Ali I. Mughayat Syah approximately 1511-1530
  • Saladin 1530-1539
  • Aladdin I. Ri'ayat Syah al - Qahhar 1539-1571
  • Husain Ali Ri'ayat Syah 1571-1579
  • Muda 1579
  • Zainul Abidin 1579
  • Sri Alam 1579
  • Aladdin II Mansur Syah 1579-1585/6
  • Buyong 1585/6-1589
  • Ri'ayat Syah al - Mukammal 1589-1604
  • Ali II 1604-1607
  • Iskandar Muda I. 1607-1636
  • Iskandar Thani Ala II 1636-1641
  • Badr 1699-1702
  • Perkara Alam 1702-1703
  • Djamal 1703-1726
  • Djawhar 1726
  • Shams 1726-1727
  • Aladdin III. Ahmad 1727-1735
  • Aladdin IV Shah Jahan 1735-1760
  • Mahmud Shah I. 1760-1781
  • Badruddin 1764-1785
  • Sulayman Shah I. 1775-1781
  • Aladdin Muhammad V. 1781-1795
  • Aladdin VI. Djawhar 1795-1815, † 1824
  • Sharif Saif 1815-1818
  • Aladdin VI. Djawhar 1818-1824
  • Muhammad Shah I. 1824-1838
  • Sulayman Shah II 1838-1857
  • Mansur Shah 1857-1870
  • Mahmud Shah II 1870-1874
  • Muhammad Daoud Shah II 1874-1903
Jawi alphabet Panentheism Qadi
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