Acetamide

Trigonal

R3c ( Raumgruppen-Nr. 161)

A = 1144 pm; c = 1350 pm with 18 formula units per unit cell

• Acetic
• Ethanamid
• Ethansäureamid

Colorless, odorless hygroscopic crystals that smell like mice in pollution

Fixed

1.16 g · cm -3

• 82.3 ° C
• 69 ° C ( metastable crystal form )

221.2 ° C ( decomposition)

1.3 Pa (20 ° C)

Very well in water (2200 g · l-1 water at 20 ° C)

3.68 (3 ) D ( 1.2 × 10-29 C · m)

1.4278

Attention

Not set

7000 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

-317.0 KJ / mol

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

The amide of the acetamide is acetic acid. Acetamide is used as the solvent.

Production and representation

Acetamide is prepared by heating ammonium acetate to dehydration:

It may be generated, inter alia, by the reaction of acetyl chloride and ammonia:

Use

It is used mainly as a solvent, since ( in the molten state ) to solve many substances in it well. In addition, it finds application in the preparation of methyl amine. It is also used in leather, cloth, and paper industries, as well as a vulcanization accelerator for synthetic rubber.

Biological Significance

The crystals are flammable. On burning producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides ) form. Material will react with acids and strong oxidizing agents.

The substance is absorbed by inhalation and irritating to skin and eyes. An action of acetamide can be recognized by redness and pain. In animal studies occurred birth defects and it is suspected that acetamide is carcinogenic to humans.

Acetamide as mineral

Acetamide was found in 1974 as a natural product formation in the coalmine near Tscherwonohrad in Ukraine. Therefore, it was recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA ) as a separate mineral (internal register no. IMA1974 -039 ). This leads it according to the classification of minerals according to Strunz ( 9th edition ) as the salt of organic acids in the mineral class of " organic compounds " under the system no. " 10.AA.20 " ( 8th edition: IX/D.01-20 ). The classification as a salt of organic acids does not correspond to the chemical composition, as acetamide no salt, but an uncharged molecule is chemically. The also common in English-speaking classification of minerals according to Dana leads the mineral under the system no. " 50.04.07.01 ".

Acetamide crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system with the crystal chemical composition CH3CONH2, has a Mohs hardness of 1 to 1.5 and developed predominantly colorless, prismatic crystals to about five millimeters in length and glass - to -fat shiny surfaces, as well as stalactites and grained mineral aggregates.

Acetamide is formed at a temperature between 50 ° C and 150 ° C in ammonia-rich areas of burning coal dumps (coal fire ). Because of its volatility and solubility of the mineral is not stable and can therefore be found only in dry weather.

So far, only the type locality Tscherwonohrad is known as locality for acetamide.