Acetyl chloride

• Acetic acid chloride
• Ethanoyl (IUPAC)

Colorless liquid with a pungent odor

Liquid

1.10 g · cm -3 ( 20 ° C)

-112 ° C

51 ° C.

320 hPa ( 20 ° C)

Reacts violently with water

2.72 (14 ) D ( 9.1 · 10-30 C · m)

1.3886 (20 ° C)

Risk

-272.9 KJ / mol

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Acetyl chloride or acetic acid chloride, is a chemical, more specifically, the functional derivative of the acid chloride in which the hydroxy group of the acid is substituted by chlorine.

Production and representation

Acetyl chloride is prepared by the reaction of calcium chloride with acetic anhydride. Alternatively, it can be obtained with phosphorus ( III ) chloride by the reaction of acetic acid. The synthesis of acetic acid and thionyl chloride or phosphorus (V ) chloride is also possible, but provides lower yields.

Properties

Acetyl chloride is very volatile, it smokes in moist air due to formation of HCl and has a severe irritant or corrosive to the respiratory tract. Like all carboxylic acid chlorides is acetyl very responsive. With water it reacts rapidly and exothermically to form acetic acid with alcohols and phenols to give the corresponding acetate and washed with ammonia and primary and secondary amines, amides are formed. In each case, hydrogen chloride is eliminated.

Use

Acetyl chloride is mainly used for esterification and acetylation in chemical synthesis. But also in the synthesis of medicaments (acetylsalicylic acid ), acetyl chloride is used in the esterification. Together with sodium acetate may be used for the preparation of acetic anhydride: