Acid-Citrate-Dextrose

Acid - citrate - dextrose (ACD or ACD stabilizer), is a solution of citric acid, sodium citrate and D-glucose in water, and was founded in 1943 by Loutit et al. designed. Its pH is 5.0. After mixing with blood, the pH value of the blood bottle maximum of 7.0. It prevents, as a stabilizer, the coagulation (clotting) of blood. The average survival rate 24 hours after transfusion after three weeks of storage time at 70 %. It is used in laboratory medicine to make blood samples anticoagulated, or as a heparin substitute.

ACD was formerly the anticoagulant of choice for the storage of dog and cat blood. It is available in two formulations: ACD-A should be used at a concentration of 1 ml for ACD 7-9 ml of blood. It is nowadays mainly used for whole blood transfusions or transfusions of blood cats. ACD -B contains less citrate and is thus used at a concentration of 1 ml ACD 4 ml of blood. Indications for the use of ACD -B are particularly plasmapheresis, cytapheresis and plasma donation used in human medicine. The lifetime of canine erythrocytes in ACD -B is about 3 weeks.