Acre (state)

Acre is the westernmost state of Brazil. He is part of the Região Norte, located in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon basin. Its capital city is Rio Branco. According to the 2010 census, Acre has 733 559 inhabitants.

Geography

Acre is bordered on the northeast by the Brazilian state of Amazonas, in the east on the state of Rondônia, in the southeast by Bolivia and on the southwest by Peru.

The landscape of the State is largely determined by a plane, which is located at about 200 meters above sea level. Important rivers are Juruá, Tarauacá, Muru, Envira and Xapuri.

For the economy, the production of rubber and Brazil nuts and agriculture (especially cattle ) is of great importance.

History

Acre belonged to the end of the 19th century Bolivia. However, it was inhabited by Brazilian immigrants who had actually formed within Bolivia an independent territory.

In 1899, there were increased attempts by the Bolivian side to bring the area under control. However, this sparked unrest among the Brazilian population, which repeatedly tried to establish an independent republic. On 14 July 1899, the adventurer Luis Galvez Rodriguez de Arias founded with the support of the Brazilian state of Amazonas, in the disputed between Brazil, Bolivia and Peru area, the Republic of Acre ( " first republic" ).

In March 1900 Bolivian troops invaded. The government of Acre went into the ground and broke on September 17, 1900 a antibolivianischen uprising. In November 1900, the Republic of Acre was again proclaimed ( " second republic" ). On December 25, 1900 Bolivian troops knocked down the uprising. On July 11, 1901 Bolivia decided to lease Acre to U.S. and British investors, but on August 6, 1902 broke a renewed antibolivianischer uprising and with the support of the " rubber barons " it came to war against Bolivia, the only on 24 January 1903 ended.

On January 27, 1903, the republic was again proclaimed Acre ( " third republic" ).

On 17 November 1903, the Treaty of Petrópolis was signed between Bolivia and Brazil. He foresaw that Brazil assigns and paid 20 million pounds sterling areas of Mato Grosso; In return, Bolivia came from Acre to Brazil. In addition, Brazil undertook the construction of the Madeira - Mamore Railway. Acre was thus incorporated in Brazil and divided into three departments. In 1920 the Department were combined to form one territory and on June 15, 1962 Acre got the status of a federal state.

Acre was internationally on 22 December 1988 into the public consciousness, as the tapper Chico Mendes was murdered. He was an important leader of the tapper movement ( seringueiros ), dedicated to fighting for the preservation of their livelihood - organized against the interests of ranchers and timber industries - the forest from which the rubber and Brazil nuts are collected.

Indigenous population

The languages ​​of the indigenous peoples living in Acre ( " Indians " ) belong to four language families. The Madiha ( Kulina ) Yine ( Manchineri ) and Ashaninka ( Kampa ) speak languages ​​of the Arawak family. The Karipuna speak a language of the Tupi- Guarani family. The language of Katukina (almost extinct) represents an independent language family. The origin of the language of Papavo has not been identified so far.

The languages ​​of all other peoples belong to the Pano family. The languages ​​of some former panosprachigen groups are extinct, others are only spoken by a few elderly people.

In the border area with Peru living groups of people who avoid contact with the non-indigenous population.

Cities

The state 's 22 municipalities, the municipios, divided. The largest towns are with their number of inhabitants according to the census of 2010:

The remaining places have a population under 20,000.

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