Acute-phase protein

In the context of tissue damage ( injury, surgery, infection) there is a non-specific immune response ( acute phase response, SIRS). Endothelial cells, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells such as macrophages in the damaged tissue messenger molecules ( " mediators ") is free, such as interleukin- 1, interleukin -6, TNF- α, TGF- β, interferon-gamma, EGF, LIF inter alia reaching the liver through the bloodstream. There they stimulate the liver in the presence of cortisol to increased synthesis of 30 different acute phase proteins. Their concentration increases after the damaging event on the one -to two- thousand-fold within 6-48 hours.

Function

  • Localization of inflammation
  • Preventing the spread
  • Support the immune system in the rehabilitation of the site of inflammation

Acute - phase proteins

  • Fibrinogen: increases the clotting tendency → local thrombus formation in the area of ​​inflammation → pathogens are not flushed into the bloodstream.
  • Alpha1 -antitrypsin and alpha -antichymotrypsin: the act increasingly liberated proteases contrary → reduction of tissue damage.
  • C -reactive protein: binding to phosphocholine of the pathogen → opsonization ( = " more palatable " for phagocytes ) and activated by C1q binding the complement
  • Serum amyloid A ( SAA): induced leukocyte adhesion and formation of pro-inflammatory ( inflammatory ) cytokines
  • Alpha1 acid glycoprotein: promotes fibroblast growth and interacts with collagen
  • Haptoglobin: hemoglobin binding and transport to protect against renal excretion
  • Ceruloplasmin: inhibits formation of free oxygen radicals
  • Complement C3 opsonization and chemotaxis
  • MBL complement mannose - binding lectin of the MBL pathway of complement activation
  • Plasminogen
  • Ferritin: iron deprivation, which need bacteria for their growth
  • Procalcitonin
  • Thrombopoietin: promote megakaryopoiesis and hence the formation of platelet
  • Hepcidin: the iron transporter ferroportin inhibits at Darmmukosazellen and thus inhibits the absorption of iron from the intestine into the blood

Anti- Acute - phase proteins

(also called " negative acute phase proteins " ) show decreasing serum concentrations in acute inflammation

  • Albumin
  • Transferrin
  • Antithrombin III
  • Transthyretin ( prealbumin )
  • Retinol -binding proteins

Swell

Biochemistry & Pathobiochemistry, spoonbills Petrides, 7th edition, Springer- Verlag, 2003

  • Protein group
  • Immunology
Endothelium Epidermal growth factor C-reactive protein Fibrinolysis
39347
de