Acyl

As the acyl group, acyl, acyl or alkanoyl is known in the chemical functional group of the general structure R-( C = O) -, where R is an organyl radical ( alkyl, aryl or a heteroaromatic group, etc. ), or a hydrogen atom. The acyl group is formally derived from carboxylic acids, aldehydes or carboxylic acid chlorides from where an OH group, a hydrogen atom or a chloride is substituted by a radical. The introduction of an acyl group in a molecule is called acylation. The functional group without reference to a group R, ie, - (C = O) -, the carbonyl group is mentioned.

The acyl group should not be confused with the acetyl group ( " Ac " ), or the acetoxy group ( " OAc ").

Acylium ion

A acylium ion arises from the fact that the unpaired electron is emitted, creating a single positively charged cation (usually R -C = O) remains. It is easy nucleophilic attack and, therefore, plays an important role as an intermediate in organic reactions.

It is, inter alia, used for the esterification of α - substituted in position organic acids, to avoid the steric hindrance.

The preparation may for example be prepared by dissolving carboxylic acid in concentrated sulfuric acid with subsequent reaction of this solution with alcohols.

Acyl radical

Acyl radical of the general structural formula appearing only as a (usually ) unstable intermediate state in a reaction mechanism is shown in the figure.

Examples

28152
de