Adam Friedrich Zürner

Adam Friedrich Wroth ( born August 15, 1679 Marieney, Electorate of Saxony, † December 18, 1742 in Dresden ) was a German Lutheran pastor and cartographer.

Life

Adam Friedrich Wroth was born on August 15, 1679 Marieney in Vogtland. His father Adam Wroth had here in 1674 held the parish until his death in 1701, his mother, Catherine Barbara was the daughter of Schönecker pastor Andreas Crusius.

Zürners first teacher was his father who taught him in reading, arithmetic and Latin. The clergyman Nicholas Spanger, a family friend, also brought him the geography, history and the historical sciences closer. Between 1691 and 1698 Zürner attended the Latin school in Plauen. It was followed by a study of theology at the University of Leipzig, where in his spare time he grappled intensively with mathematics and geography. His father's death ( 1701) forced Zürner to rapid completion of his studies, which he finished in Wittenberg in 1704.

After a short study trip to Bremen and Hamburg Wroth joined in 1704 to a position as a catechist in Paunsdorf. The following year took over the parish priest point in Skassa near Great grove. In 1706 he married here 10 years younger Magdalena Sophie Cadner, also the daughter of a pastor. The marriage lasted 15 years and brought four children.

Already during his studies in Leipzig Wroth had used the holiday for making the first card. In Skassa he left his vicarage to expand in order to gain space for his hobby: the measurement and mathematical geography. From this survey work, the Special Landt 's Charter emerged from the Great grove, the 1711 Elector August the Strong Zürner solicited on April 24. He was awarded 150 dollars and the order to include a same card for the post of Dresden.

On April 12, 1713, August the Strong gave him then the mission to bring all the offices of the Electorate of Saxony geographicas in the same way as the two maps of the Great Offices grove and Dresden in Mappas. Wroth should thus lead already in 1586 by the Markscheider Matthias Oeder under Elector Christian I started, but due to the Thirty Years War not completed survey of the electorate as a second electoral Saxon country recording to end.

Wroth, with the title " land and boundary commissioner", was able to present his " New Chursächsische Post 's Charter " in late autumn 1718. In order to get the job done, he constructed a geographic trolley, could be carried out with the very accurate measurements. This was a carriage in which a linkage transferred the rotations of the rear wheel on a counter. With its test car Zürner laid back about 18,000 miles.

As a result of this survey, the stone, the so-called Saxon Postmeilensäule columns were built in the Saxon towns and along the roads from post 1721. , The hours specified on the columns do not correspond - as often assumed - the average " stagecoach travel time " but are distances. An hour's walk corresponds to about 4.5 km, so that road that you're back sets in a time -hour walk. During the survey work were, inter alia, Johann August Richter, Paul Trenckmann and Johann Fischer Valerian agents Zürners. But even relatives, like his brother Carl Friedrich and Johann Friedrich Zürner Wroth were employed by him as Kondukteure 1729-35.

After his appointment as " land and boundary commissioner" Wroth was his job as a pastor and moved to Dresden. His wife had died on 22 May 1721 Skassa. His four children died there, what to this day remembers a tomb for three children in the Patronatsloge the church. His life was during the several years of survey work is not simple, since the agreed salary of 600 thalers were paid only slow the part of the electoral administration. Needs and financial worries dominated the life of the surveyor. Quite the contrary was the recognition that he learned. Already in 1716 it was the title of an " Electoral Saxon and Polish royal geographer " award. In the same year he was appointed a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

The good maps and the signature system Zürners used the geographer Johann Gottfried Gregorii alias MELIS ANTES and the engraver Johann Christoph Weigel in Nuremberg in 1723 to create the Continuirten ATLAS PORTATILIS GERMANICUS. Especially the post- Saxon charters - Extract with a small town view of Leipzig and the small-scale maps of the Thuringian- Saxon space in this school and travel atlas based on Zürners work. The planned third part with Saxon offices cards, issued by the end of the 18th century pocket atlases, did not materialize.

1722 married Wroth again in Dresden. His wife Juliana Christiane (surname not recorded ) but died in 1728, also a native of the marriage son was only five years old. 1729 Wroth married for the third time. With his wife Agnes Eusebia Kenzelmann he had two sons, of whom only the 1730 -born Adam Friedrich survived the father.

In addition to his surveying work, which expanded Wroth in the 1730s up to Thuringia, he wrote in his last years, some travel books and guide books. Wroth died on 18 December 1742 in Dresden and was buried at the local cemetery inside the New Town.

He is now considered a well-known German cartographer. His best known works were the " New Chursächsische post- Charter " ( 16 sheets ) and the "Atlas Augusteus the Chursächsische land " (Atlas Augusteus Saxonicus: 40 general and 40 special cards ), the doubly is an original in the Saxon State Archives in Dresden and its Maps by his death, without mentioning him as the author, some re-edited by his colleague Paul Trenckmann and his son, as Atlas novus Saxonicus were repeatedly published by the publisher Peter Schenk in Amsterdam ( Schenk'scher Atlas ).

Today reflect such roads in Skassa and Marieney his name and the field office in Oelsnitz the vocational school center Reichenbach im Vogtland.

Maps

• New Chursächsische post- Charter (reproduction), whatsit -Verlag, cross- ford 1992, ISBN 3-928498-20-7
• Map of the " rule Toeplitz " ( Bohemia ) with city views of Teplitz ( Schenk, Amsterdam 18th century ) This card listed, inter alia the course of today often mentioned Altendresden - Teplitz Post Road over the mountain pass Geyer.
• Map of offices sausages, hurry Castle & Duben ( Schenck, Amsterdam 18th century, with no mention Zürners ) This card provides, inter alia, the two created by Wroth Kursächsische Postmeilensäule columns from: A half- mile column ( fallen, with monogram " AR" ) and a standing quarter milestone.
• Continuirter ATLAS PORTATILIS GERMANICUS of Johann Gottfried and Johann Christoph Weigel Gregorii, 2nd edition Nuremberg in 1733; The Bavarian State Library in Munich

Literature (selection )

• Viktor Hantzsch: Wroth, Adam Friedrich. In: General German Biography (ADB ). Volume 45, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1900, pp. 511-514.
• Dr. Kuhfahl: The Saxon Postmeilensäule pillars of Augustus the Strong ..., publisher of the country club Saxon Homeland Security, Dresden 1930.
• Paul Reinhard Beierlein: Adam Friedrich Wroth. in: Saxon homeland leaves. Issue 6/ 1971. Pp. 251-260.
• Paul Reinhard Beierlein / Erhard Taubert: From Life and Work Adam Friedrich Zürners, Plauen, 1972.
• Eberhard Stimmel: Electorate of Saxony postal miles pillars - Bibliography, Research Group of Electoral Saxony Postmeilensäule columns ( ed.), publisher of civil engineering, Berlin 1988.
• Research Group of Electoral Saxony Postmeilensäule columns ( ed.): Encyclopedia of Electoral Saxony Postmeilensäule columns, transpress Verlag, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-344-00264-3.
• Jörg Brückner: The second electoral Saxon land survey conducted by Adam Friedrich Wroth (1679-1742), Johann George Town 1993
• Siegfried Rühle: Post columns and milestones. Ed e of the research group Electorate post mile column V., 1st and 2nd edition, Saxon. Printing and publishing house, Dresden 1994, 1996.
• City Council Great Hain ( ed.): The Saxon stagecoach to Hayn - a tribute to Adam Friedrich Wroth, 1998.
• Post columns and milestones. Ed e of the research group Electorate post mile column V. Dresden / Grillenburg (city Tharandt ), 3rd revised edition, Sagittarius Engler- Weber GbR Publishing, Dresden 2007, ISBN 978-3-936203-09-7.
• Of authors of the research group Electorate Postmeilensäule pillars: Newsletter 1-88 (1964-2011), eds research group Electorate Postmeilensäule columns ( eV).