Adonis (plant)

Adonis ramosa

The Adonis (Adonis ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae ( Ranunculaceae ). The approximately 30 to 35 species are native to Europe and the cooler regions of Asia.

  • 2.1 Origin of the name
  • 2.2 types
  • 3.1 Literature
  • 3.2 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Adonis species grow as annuals or perennial herbaceous plants. The perennial species rhizomes are formed as outlasting. The upright, sometimes branched stems may be hairy or hairless.

The alternate on the stem arranged leaves are stalked. The leaf blade may be palmate or one to three times pinnately divided, with thread-like leaflets. The leaf margins are usually smooth, rarely toothed.

Inflorescences and flowers

The stalked flowers are usually solitary and terminal without bracts on the stem branches; rarely they stand together in a few-flowered, terminal inflorescence. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry. The five to eight free sepals are more or less green and 6 to 22 mm long. The 3 to 24 free petals are 8-35 mm long; they are rarely white, usually red or yellow, often streaked or colored dark at the base. Nectaries absent. There are 15 to 80 stamens present with thin filaments. 20 to 100 spirally arranged, free, upper permanent carpels each containing only one ovule. You own a stylus, which ends in a recognizable, small scar.

Fruits

The many small, sessile, nearly spherical nut fruits sit capitate crowded and spirally arranged in a multiple fruit of a prolonged to 10 to 40 mm floral axis, which can clearly be seen depending on the type between the fruits or not. On the fruits of the stylus is usually still recognizable; He may be straight or strongly curved.

System

The genus Adonis was established in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. A synonym for Adonis L. Chrysocyathus Falconer.

The genus belongs to the tribe Adonis Adonideae in the subfamily Ranunculoideae within the Ranunculaceae family. It is divided into two sections:

  • Sect. Adonis, includes the annual species.
  • Sect. Consiligo DC. ( Syn: Adonanthe Spach ), contains the perennial species.

Origin of the name

According to Greek mythology Adonis to be sprung from the tears of Aphrodite, as they mourned the death of Adonis, and then the blood of the dying Adonis the flowers turned red. The name therefore does not refer to the yellow flowering Adonis species but to the blood-red flowering species such as Adonis aestivalis Adonis annua and Adonis flammea.

Species

There are about 30 to 35 Adonis - types:

  • Summer pheasant's eye (Adonis aestivalis L.), Origin: Europe, North Africa, Asia.
  • . Adonis aleppica Boiss, Origin: Turkey, Syria, northern Iraq.
  • Amur adonis (Adonis amurensis Regel & Radde ), Origin: Amur region, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, Sakhalin.
  • Autumn Adonis (Adonis annua L., Syn: Adonis autumnalis L.), Origin: Europe, northwest Africa, the Near East.
  • Adonis apennina L. (syn.: Adonis sibirica Patrin ex Ledeb. )
  • Adonis bobroviana Sim, Origin: China.
  • Adonis chrysocyathus Hook.f. & Thomson, Origin: Himalayas, Tajikistan, India, Nepal, China.
  • Adonis coerulea Maxim, home. China.
  • Kyllenisches Adonis (. .. Adonis cyllenea Boiss, Heldr & Orph ), occurs only in Greece; an unclear Fund of 1858 comes from Asia Minor.
  • Adonis davidii Franchet, occurs in China.
  • Adonis dentata Delile, is found in North Africa and the Middle East.
  • Apennine Adonis (Adonis distorta Ten. ), Occurs only in central Italy.
  • Adonis eriocalycina Boiss., Occurs in the Middle East.
  • Flame Adonis (Adonis flammea Jacq. ), Origin: Europe, Western Asia.
  • Adonis globosa C.H.Steinb. ex Rech.f., Origin: Iran.
  • Adonis leiosepala Butkov, Origin: Central Asia.
  • Adonis microcarpa DC., Occurs in the Mediterranean region and Western Asia.
  • Adonis mongolica Simonov. , Origin: Mongolia.
  • Adonis multiflora Nishikawa & Koji Ito, Origin: Japan, Korea and China.
  • . Adonis nepalensis Simonov, Origin: Nepal, Sikkim.
  • Pyrenees adonis (Adonis pyrenaica DC. ), Origin: Spain and France.
  • Adonis ramosa Franchet, Origin: Japan.
  • Adonis shikokuensis Nishikawa & Koji Ito, Origin: Japan ( Shikoku ).
  • Adonis sibirica Patrin ex Ledeb, home. Siberia, is in Europe only in Russia.
  • Adonis sutchuenensis Franchet, Origin: Western China.
  • Adonis tianschanica (Adolf) Lipschitz ex Bobrov, occurs in Russia ( Tian Chan).
  • Adonis turkestanica ( Korsh. ) Adolf
  • Pheasant's eye (Adonis vernalis L.), Origin: Europe, Caucasus, Siberia.
  • Adonis villosa Ledeb.
  • Adonis volgensis Steven ex DC. , Arrives in Bulgaria, in the Crimea, in southern Russia and in Asia Minor.

Swell

Perennial plant Stigma (botany) Compound fruit Agricultural Research Service
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