Adventus (ceremony)
The term Adventus ( arriving from Latin advenire, see also Advent ) referred to in historical research, the arrival of a ruler and the ceremony connected with it. The development of the latter term Adventus is described by means of examples of late antique and medieval sources for Herrschereinzüge.
The ancient form of the feeder with the god-like representation of the Emperor was the inspiration for the medieval media symbolism. The ceremony was transferred to the ruler cult of political and religious exaltation of Regents. It was under strict observance of fixed customs and liturgical forms. In addition, the public aspect and the associated festivities was stressed. Jasper Schenk she writes of a " particularly strong emphasis on festive and solemn character of the Herrschereinzüge ", as practiced for example in France.
The mythical origin lies in the triumph of the god Dionysus in Greece, which was celebrated in ancient times in spring. Over time, the Dionysian component resigned in favor of the military, which was solidified with the triumphs of Roman Emperors in a state ritual.
When in the course of the 4th century, the triumph - perhaps partly because of his non-Christian character - went out of fashion, the importance of Adventus, which was acceptable for Christians grew immensely. In late antiquity, he was also to the representatives of the Emperor, and the church took him for bishops and popes. The religious meaning of the medieval Herrscheradventus and its liturgical design under ecclesiastical influence based on early Christian, influenced by the Roman ancient principles. In the solemn entry of the ( by definition victorious) late Roman emperor (eg Justinian I 559) was repeated, transposed into the Christian, the Adventus symbolism of the Roman Empire.
In a slightly modified form, the ruler ( and popes ) of the European Middle Ages took over the Adventus. Was registered when adventus of the rulers to grant an amnesty for criminals or protection for the persecuted. The arrival in a city divided into a triumphant, based on antique background and a religious component.
On arrival at a convent but accounted for the triumphant part as a sign of Christian humility. The monastic ceremonial reception was partly based on Chapter 53 of the Rule of Benedict of Nursia, which describes the ceremonial reception, the guests received a Benedictine monastery. These provisions, however, were adapted to the higher ranking position of the honorees and enriched by liturgical songs in the style of the introitus. In the Carolingian period partially poems were created especially for the reception of a ruler in the monastery, for the first time 818 by Theodulf of Orléans.
Goods at the beginning still concerned that no one else has achieved that honor the rulers, so waned in the late Middle Ages, the primacy of the king.