Aelbert Cuyp

Aelbert Jacobsz. Cuyp (* in Dordrecht, baptized the end of October 1620; † ibid buried 15 November 1691) was one of the most important Dutch landscape painters of the 17th century.

Life

Aelbert was the only son of the painter Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp (1594-1652) and became the most well-known representative of the family Cuyp Dordrecht painters, to which the half-brother Jacob, Benjamin Gerritsz. Cuyp (1612-1652) belonged. Teaching was Aelbert certainly from his father, from a training at an outside teacher, and an entry in a local guild of painters nothing is known. First Aelbert worked on his father's paintings, where he mainly painted the landscape backgrounds in some family portraits. To 1642, he undertook the first major trip through Holland and along the Rhine. Turn His second trip in 1652 led him to the Rhine and Waal River to Rhenen and Nijmegen ( Nijmegen dt ), from there on up to Kleve, Emmerich Elten and. On both trips he made ​​many drawings, which later formed the basis of many of his landscape paintings. According to him the Albert Cuyp Straat and the Albertcuyp market is named in Amsterdam.

Aelberts early landscapes are clearly under the influence of Jan van Goyen, Salomon van Ruysdael and Herman Saftleven II, even though he his light rendering something brighter and more defined and designed with the display of livestock, shepherds and fishermen put more figurative accents. With van Goyen he was probably also in personal contact during his repeated visits in Dordrecht.

To 1645, the hitherto somewhat subdued atmosphere of his landscapes converts towards south sunlit images whose stronger light also caused stronger colors. The determining factor for this change was mainly the influence January Boths, who had returned in 1641 from Italy to Utrecht and now a Mediterranean-like in his pictures, used also by Claude Lorrain certain landscape art. Aelbert Jan Both could have personally met on his first trip to the Netherlands, which also took him to Utrecht. However, he used typical Italian motifs, such as ruins or cliffs, very rarely. Rather, he dived local river landscapes in the golden Mediterranean light of a late afternoon or evening hours and reached a harmony in which as determined from light and atmosphere, the objective form appears, you can, however, in contrast to earlier rather form -resolution tendencies to assert vigorously. With this style, Aelbert Cuyp created a high point in the development of Dutch landscape painting.

In addition to the typical Aelbert representations of the scene dominating Bold with shepherds or even different still life found in his later works, many riding scenes, often on Dutch river landscapes, but also some portraits of riders, the Pieter de Roovere ( c. 1652, The Hague, Mauritshuis ) or by Michiel and Cornelis Pompe van Meerdervoort with her riding instructor and Kutscher ( c. 1652-3, New York, Metropolitan Museum ). To Aelberts great images but are probably the representations of his home city of Dordrecht from different viewing angles as well as the different views of the city of Nijmegen, particularly the medieval citadel Valkhof, which at that time as presumed seat of Claudius Civilis, the leader of the revolt of the Batavians Roman against the supremacy learned 69 AD. , great popularity through the patriotic associations in the population of young, independent Dutch Republic in the year.

By Aelberts Marriage 1658 with Cornelia Boschman, the Regent Johan van den Corput widow, he prospered and rapidly growing social concern, connected with the clothing of numerous honorary positions, such as a deacon (1660 ) and Elder ( 1672) of the Reformed Church in Dordrecht to being a member of the High Court of South -Holland ( 1679 ). The exercise of these offices brought his picturesque activities, however, gradually ceased.

Throughout his life Aelbert Cuyp was almost unknown outside of Dordrecht. His painting style was continued first by the brothers Abraham (1642-1722) and Barent van Calraet (1650-1737) - often in such close association that, also due to the same signing AC, some works Abraham van Calraets mistakenly been attributed to Aelbert Cuyp. Both brothers must have been well acquainted with Aelbert definitely, and it is believed that one of them was his pupil. Although published in 1750 some Cuyp painting attributed at auctions in the Netherlands and London, his work took place until the end of the 18th century little attention. However, this changed abruptly when in a sales catalog from 1774 Aelbert Cuyp was equally as designated by Claude Lorrain. From then on his or attributed to him works frequently appeared in the auction catalogs and achieved high prices. It produced numerous imitations and copies of his pictures. Especially in England Cuyp was highly valued, especially by his fellow painters William Turner and John Constable, which took over some of his pictures. So Cuyp's works are today mostly in English collections, while they are represented in Dutch museums only a little.

Works

National Gallery London

  • Shepherd with cows at a river, 1650, oil on canvas
  • River Landscape, 1655-60, oil on canvas, 123 x 241 cm
  • Farmers with four cows on the river Merwede, oil on wood, 38 x 50 cm

Hermitage in St. Petersburg

  • Landscape, 1640 Watercolor, 193 x 311 mm
  • The Milkmaid, 1650, oil on canvas, 106 x 172 cm

Various museums

  • Landscape near Rhenen, 1650-55, oil on canvas, 170 x 229 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
  • Cows on the water, 59 x 74 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
  • Evening landscape with horsemen and shepherds, 1655-60, oil on canvas, Royal Collection, Windsor
  • The ferry, 1652-55, oil on wood, 72 x 90 cm, Wallace Collection, London
  • The avenue of Meerdervoort, 1650-52, oil on wood, 70 x 99 cm, Wallace Collection, London
  • Large river landscape with horsemen, oil on canvas, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
  • River scene with milked woman, c. 1646, oil on wood, 48.3 x 74.6 cm, Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe
  • Riverside with cows, c. 1650, oil on canvas, Museum Boijmans - van Beuningen, Rotterdam
  • A road near a river, oil on canvas, Dulwich Picture Gallery, London
  • Poultry oil on oak panel, 44.5 x 54.5 cm, Groeninge Museum, Bruges
  • Grey Horse in a Landscape, oil on canvas, Museum Boijmans - van Beuningen, Rotterdam
  • Shepherd with cows, oil on canvas, 101.4 x 145.8 cm Dulwich Picture Gallery, London
  • Fishing boats at moonlight, c. 1650, oil on wood, Wallraf -Richartz Museum, Cologne
  • The Negro Page, c. 1652, oil on canvas, 142.8 x 226.7 cm, Royal Collection, Windsor

Swell

  • Alan Chong: Aelbert Cuyp. In: Grove Dictionary of Art University Press, Oxford 2007 ( Grove Art Online ).
  • S. J. Gudlaugsson: Cuyp, Aelbert. In: Kindler painting lexicon. 2003, ISBN 3-89853-922-9.
  • Caelret, Abraham van: Cuyp, Aelbert. In: Web Gallery of Art
Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp Benjamin Gerritsz. Cuyp Waal (river) Jan Dirksz Both Metropolitan Museum of Art Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File
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