Aelius Aristides

Publius Aelius Aristides Theodoros (* November 26 117 in Hadrianutherai or Hadrianoi in Mysia, † probably 181) was a Greek rhetorician and writer, representative of the so -called " Second Sophistic ".

Life

Eudaimon, the father of Aristide, a priest was in the temple of Zeus at Mysian Olympos. It is believed that Eudaimon together with Aristides received Roman citizenship, when Emperor Hadrian 123 on a journey through Mysia his native city rights conferred. According to the fashion took Aristides praenomen and nomen gentile of the emperor, so Publius Aelius.

Aristides was trained at various places of the Roman Empire, so in Smyrna and Athens (among others at Herod Atticus ). He made a trip to Egypt and end 142 to Rome. There he held in the spring of the following year before the emperor Antoninus Pius a speech "in Rome ", in which he celebrated the Roman domination of the Mediterranean to be a blessing and peace- bringing.

Because of a chronic disease that had broken out during his stay in Rome, Aristides remained temporarily on the asclepieion of Pergamon and the spa Allianoi; he believed in Asclepius as his personal patron god. From 147 Aristides lived mainly in Smyrna. He refused to accept public office, but gave numerous speeches in praise of cities, at festivals and on the gods. Well hit 176 Aristides along with Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his son Commodus. He died at his country estate.

Work

Aristides is the " Second Sophistic " items, which under the conditions of the Roman Empire attempted a return to the Greek culture of the classical period in the 2nd century AD. He wrote that although he possessed Roman citizenship, in the Greek language. In contrast to other members of the " Second Sophistic " Aristides wrote his speeches and writings in strictly attizistischem style and made only few concessions to the more elaborate Asianism.

Of the numerous works of Aristides only a few have been preserved: epideictic ( held on festive occasions ) speeches, declamations twelve, the six "holy " speeches about his illness and poems. Also spurious writings have survived.

Epideictic speeches

The epideictic speeches that were maintained at a festive occasion, include ten prose hymns, five cities speeches, eight attack and justification speeches and ten speeches for a special reason.

  • Παναθηνακός ( Panathenaikos; speech in praise of Athens) from the year 155 papyrus fragment from the 5/6 Century. Narrated in part in Antinoopolis papyri III 144 ( Chronique d' Égypte 50, 1975 pp. 197-1201 ) and Papyrus Michigan inv 6651 (c. 600), in the Codex Pari Sinus graecus 2951 and Codex Laurentianus Plut. 60.6 ) Greek -English edition of J. H. Oliver (Philadelphia, 1968).
  • Εἰς Ρώμην (ice Rómen; Romrede ) from 155 Narrated by Codex Laurentianus Plut. 60.3 ( anthology containing speeches of Aristides, 10th century ); Translation by E. Hepner. Breslau 1824. Greco- German by R. Klein. Darmstadt from 1981 to 1983. With comment. The " Romrede " compares for a description of the greatness of Rome and the Roman Empire Roman rule with older empires ( the Persian Empire, Hellenistic kingdoms ) and the Greek city-states of the classical period. Aristides emphasizes that the Romans treated the subjugated better and let them participate in their own domination. He then describes how the Roman army protected the kingdom (implicitly he sits so of an imperialist policy on how they had last traced Trajan ). Aristides extols the virtues of the Roman constitution. He ends with a prayer in which he implored the protection of the gods for the Emperor and the Empire.
  • Σμυρναικός ( Smyrnaikós; speech at Smyrna ). Welcome speech for the governor of the province of Asia. Manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus graecus 2951 ) Translated by A. Schwarz. Horn 1885.
  • Υπὲρ ῥητορικῆς (Hyper rhētorikés; defense of rhetoric against Plato criticism. ) From the year 147 manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus graecus 2951 )
  • Υπὲρ τῶν τεττάρων (Hyper TON tettárōn; defense of Four ) ( the challenged by Plato in the Gorgias politician Miltiades, Cimon, Themistocles and Pericles ). Between 161 and 165 Narrated partially in Antinoopolis papyri III 182 from the 7th century and the Codex Pari Sinus graecus 2951st
  • Επί Σμυρνῃ μονωδία (EPI Smyrnēi monōidía; complaint about the destroyed by an earthquake in Smyrna. ) From the years 177 or 178 manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus graecus 2951 ). Translated by A. Schwarz. Horn 1885.
  • Επιστολὴ περὶ Σμύρνης πρὸς τοὺς βασιλέας ( Epistolé Peri Smýrnes pros tus Basilea; petition for the reconstruction of Smyrna ). From the year 177 manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus graecus 2951 ). Translated by A. Schwarz. Horn 1885.
  • Παλινῳδία ἐπὶ Σμύρνῃ ( Palinodía EPI SMYRNE; About the reconstruction of Smyrna. ) From the year 178 manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus graecus 2951 ) Translated by A. Schwarz. Horn 1885.
  • Σμυρναικός ( Smyrnaikós; speech at the rebuilt Smyrna. ) From the year 179 manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus graecus 2951 ) Translated by A. Schwarz. Horn 1885.
  • Ελευσίνιος ( Eleusinios; complaint about the destroyed Eleusis. ) Manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus gr 2951 ). Greek - German by A. Hunbel. Vienna 1994 with comment.
  • Περὶ ὁμονοίας ταῖς πόλεσιν (peri homonoías tais pólesin, to the cities of the harmony ) from the years 163 or 167 manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus gr 2951 )
  • Ροδίοις περὶ ὁμονοίας ( Rhodíois Peri homonoías; On the Rhodians on the concord ) by 149 Narrated by Codex Laurentianus Plut.60.3 from the 10th century.
  • Περὶ τοῦ παραφθέγματος ( Peri tu paraphtégmatos; About an impromptu insert in a speech ). Narrated in the Codex Laurentianus pl. 60.3.
  • Περὶ τοῦ μὴ δεῖν κομῳδεῖν ( Peri tu me your komoideín; criticism of the comedy). Between 157 and 165 Narrated by Codex Laurentianus Plut. 60.3.
  • Επὶ Αλεξάνδρῳ ἐπιτάφιος (EPI Alexándroi Epitaphios; grave speech to the teacher Alexandros ) by 150 Narrated in Vatican graecus 1297 added there in the 15th or 16th century..
  • Πρὸς τοὺς αἰτιουμένους ὅτι μὴ μελετῴν ( Pros tus aitiuménus Hoti mé meletóie; Against those who accuse that he considered no speeches ) from the year 166 Narrated in Vatican graecus 1298 Translated by A. Schwarz. . Horn 1885.
  • Katὰ τῶν ἐξορχουμένων (kata ton exorchumenon; Against those that parody the Mysteries of speech ) from the year 170 Narrated in Vatican graecus 1298th
  • Aἰγύπτιος ( Aigyptios; On the Sources of the Nile ) Between 147 and 149 Narrated by Codex Laurentianus Plut. 60.3.
  • Μαντευτοί ( Manteutoí; prescribed by the oracle speeches with hymns to the gods, heroes and places ) Between 145 and 177 Narrated part in Codex Laurentianus Plut.60.3, partly in Bodleianus canon gr 84 B. Some of them have J. Amann. Stuttgart 1931 ( with commentary) and A. Höfler. Stuttgart in 1935 translated with comment. Partial Greek - German G. Jöhrens. Bonn 1981. Commented.

Declamations

Πρεσβευτικός πρός Αχιλλέα ( Presbeutikós pros Achillea, . Schuldeklamation ) manuscript from the 10th century ( Pari Sinus graecus 2951 )

" Holy speeches "

Ιεροὶ λόγοι ( Hieroí Logoi; reports from the Saints. ) Report on the stay in asclepieion in Pergamon from the Years 170 / 171st Narrated in part, in the Papyrus Bingen 24 from the 5th century and the Codex Bodleianus canon graecus 84 Translated by Heinrich Otto Schröder.

Course Specified

Τέχναι ῥητορικαί ( TECHNAI rherorikaí; treatises on rhetoric ). The authenticity is doubted.

Expenditure

The basic older editions originate from Wilhelm Dindorf (1829 ) and Bruno Keil (1898, incomplete; emphasis Berlin 1958). Since 1976 a new edition of Charles Allison Behr and Walter Friedrich Lenz appears. There are also numerous single issues.

  • Richard Klein (ed. ): The Romrede Aelius Aristides. University Press, Darmstadt 1983, ISBN 3-534-08582-5

The complete work was translated into English by CA Behr, Aelius Aristides. The complete works. 2 vols, Brill, Leiden 1981, 1986 ( previously in the Loeb Classical Library, 4 volumes, London 1973)

Translation of Hieroí Logoi:

  • Heinrich Otto Schröder: Publius Aelius Aristides. Holy reports. Winter, Heidelberg, 1986 ( with notes)
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