Al-Zamakhshari

Az- Zamachscharī الزمخشري / az- Zamaḫšarī, full name Abu al - Qasim Mahmud ibn Umar / أبو القاسم محمود بن عمر / Abū 'l- Qāsim Mahmud b. ʿ Umar, also al - Zamachschari, (* 1075 in Zamachschar, † 1144 in Gurgandsch ) was a Muslim scholar of Persian origin and Koranexeget. In his study trips he stayed a long time in Mecca and therefore was given the nickname "God's neighbor" dsChar Allah / جار الله / ǧāru ' llāh. As a theologian, he confessed to the Mu'tazilites. Despite his Persian descent from the region Khorezm, he stressed the superiority of the Arabic language, its structure and explanation he devoted himself in his writings.

Works

  • His main work is the consummate in 1134 commentary on the Qur'an al - kash sheep ' to haqa'iq at- tanzil / الكشاف عن حقائق التنزيل / al - ʿ kaššāf to ḥaqā ʾ IQI ' t - Tanzil /, presentation of the truths of revelation '. Despite his account of the teaching of the Mu'tazilah on the createdness the Koran Khalq al - quran / خلق القرآن / ḫalqu ʾ l -Qur ʾ ān in the introduction to the work in wide circles of orthodoxy dissemination and up to the present day was general recognition. His attention is the author of the philosophical and dogmatic interpretation of the Qur'anic text while. Tradition, the tafsir bi- l - ma'thur (see Tafsir ), little attention gives In addition to the grammatical analysis of Koranic structures it provides consistently represent the rhetorical subtleties of the text in order to support the doctrine of the inimitability of Revelation. In his account of lexical peculiarities of the Koran i'dschaz / اعجاز / i ʿ ǧāz and the readings qira'at / قراءات / Qira ʾ AT he goes back to the ancient Arabic poetry and justify with numerous citations. Ibn Khaldun said in his Muqaddimah, in the chapter on the sciences of the Qur'an, this work high above the other philological comments, however, warned against the dogmatic orientation of the author.
  • His Manual of Arabic grammar al - mufassal fil - nahw / المفصل في النحو / al - Mufassal fī - 'n - naḥw represents a milestone in the Arabic grammar spelling not represent Unlike its predecessors, assigns az- Zamachschari his work on the syntax, morphology and phonology, but after nouns, verbs and particles and complements this arrangement with morpho - phonological considerations. He uses both the book ( kitab ) of Sibawayhi, the first basic grammar of the Arabic language as well as the investigations of the grammatical school of Kufa from the late 8th and 9th centuries. al - Mufassal was not only in the Arab world, a popular reading about the grammar, but also influenced the development of Arabic grammar in the Oriental Studies: CP Caspari 's Arabic Grammar (1848 ), in the fourth edition edited by August Müller (Hall 1876), and its translation into English by William Wright: A Grammar of the Arabic Language translated from the German of Caspari and edited, With numerous additions and corrections. 3rd edition ( Cambridge 1896 to 1898 ) are mainly based on az- Zamachscharis al - Mufassal and form in many ways the basis of further grammar of Arabic.
  • Its also linguistically oriented work al - Fa'iq fi gharib al - hadith / الفائق في غريب الحديث / al - ʾ iq fī fā Garibi 'l- hadith that you simply as al - Fa'iq, " The Excellent ", designated, deals with difficult and abstruse concepts of hadith literature. The work has been printed in 1971 in Cairo.

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