Alcea

Hollyhock ( Alcea rosea)

The Hollyhocks ( Alcea ) are a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family ( Malvaceae ). The approximately 60 species are widespread in eastern and southern Europe, southwest and central Asia. Some species are used as ornamental plants.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

In Alcea species are upright, one-, two-year or short-lived perennial, herbaceous plants. The vegetative parts of the plant are covered with stellate hairs ( trichomes ), sometimes also with long simple hairs. In the first year they only form a rosette of basal leaves. In the second year they form a 1-3 m high, more or less unbranched, erect stem with alternating constant foliage leaves, which ends with the inflorescence. The leaves are divided into long petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blade is ovate to rounded and slightly lobed divided according to the type deep. The leaf margin sinuate to toothed. There are Stipules present.

Generative features

The flowers appear singly or in groups in the leaf axils and often result in a total of a long racemose inflorescence.

The large flowers are radial symmetry, hermaphrodite, fünfzählig with double perianth. The six or seven side sepals are fused only at their base. The five fluffy hairy sepals are fused. The white, yellow or pink to purple five free in the wild species petals are usually more than 3 cm wide.

The compact dust bag are yellow. The deformed from 15 or more carpels ovary consists of 15 or more chambers, each with only one ovule. There are the same number of stamens as carpels present. In the subfamily Malvoideae the many stamens are fused into a tube surrounding the stamp, the so-called Columna.

The discus-shaped gap fruit decays in at least 15 smooth or fluffy hairy part fruit. The seeds are smooth or provided with pustules.

Dissemination and use

The genus occurs in Central Asia and Asia Minor up to the eastern Mediterranean.

Are cultivated varieties of some species in all temperate and subtropical areas of the world. The most common varieties of Hollyhock ( Alcea rosea) are cultivated. Because of the unclear Artabgrenzungen but often other cultured species are referred to as Alcea rosea.

System

The genus Alcea was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, Volume 2, page 687. As Lectotypusart was set in 1929 Alcea rosea L. by Albert Spear Hitchcock and Jesse Robinson Green in Standard -species of Linnean genera of Phaneogams. The genus belongs to the tribe Alcea Malveae in the subfamily Malvoideae within the family Malvaceae.

There are about 60 species of Alcea (selection):

  • Alcea abchazica Ilyin
  • Alcea acaulis ( Cav. ) Alef. It occurs in Egypt and Western Asia.
  • Alcea apterocarpa ( Tchich. ) Boiss.
  • Alcea biennis Winterl
  • Alcea calvertii ( Boiss. ) Boiss. It occurs in Turkey and Iran.
  • Alcea chrysantha ( Sat. ) Zohary
  • Alcea damascena ( Mouterde ) Mouterde
  • Alcea digitata ( Boiss. ) Alef.
  • Alcea dissecta ( Baker f ) Zohary
  • Alcea excubita Ilyin
  • Alcea fasciculiflora Zohary
  • Feigenblättrige hollyhock or Dutch Hollyhock ( Alcea ficifolia L.): It is distributed in Siberia.
  • Alcea flavovirens ( Boiss. & Buhse ) Ilyin: The home is Iran.
  • Alcea grossheimii Ilyin
  • Alcea guestii Zohary
  • Alcea heldreichii ( Boiss. ) Boiss. It occurs only on the Balkan Peninsula and in the south Ukraine.
  • Alcea hohenackeri ( Boiss. & A.Huet ) Boiss.
  • Alcea hyrcana ( Grossh. ) Grossh.
  • Alcea karsiana ( Bordz. ) Grossh.
  • Alcea kurdica ( Schltdl. ) Alef. Coming into Turkey, in Iraq and Iran.
  • Alcea lavateriflora ( DC.) Boiss. It occurs in Turkey and elsewhere in Southwest Asia.
  • Alcea leiocarpa ( Ind. f ) Mouterde
  • Alcea lenkoranica Ilyin
  • Alcea litwinowii ( Ilyin ) Ilyin: It occurs in Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
  • Alcea longipedicellata I. Riedl: It occurs only in Iran.
  • Alcea nudiflora ( Lindl. ) Boiss. It is widespread in north-western Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
  • Pale hollyhock ( Alcea pallida ( Willd.) Waldst & Kit. . ): It occurs in southern and eastern Europe and Asia Minor.
  • Alcea pisidica Hub. -Mor.
  • Alcea remotiflora ( Boiss. & Heldr. ) Alef.
  • Hollyhock ( Alcea rosea L. ), also called Hollyhock: It is a one-to two perennial herbaceous plant of unknown origin.
  • Alcea rhyticarpa ( Trautv. ) Ilyin: It occurs in Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
  • Yellow hollyhock or Wrinkled Hollyhock ( Alcea rugosa Alef. ): The home is south-west Russia and the Ukraine.
  • Alcea proper proper anica Ilyin
  • Alcea setosa ( Boiss. ) Alef. It occurs on Crete, Asia Minor and Egypt.
  • Alcea sophiae Ilyin
  • Alcea sosnovskyi Ilyin: It occurs in Iran and Asarbaidschan.
  • Alcea striata ( DC.) Alef. It occurs in Egypt and Western Asia.
  • Sulfur yellow hollyhock ( Alcea sulphurea ( Boiss. & High ) Alef. . ): The home is Iraq and Iran.
  • Alcea tabrisiana ( Boiss. & Buhse ) Ilyin
  • Alcea transcaucasica ( Ilyin ) Ilyin
  • Alcea turkeviczii Ilyin

Swell

  • Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Alcea. In Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1, pp. 267, PDF file, text Registered as printed work. (Sections describe and disseminate )
  • David Allardice Webb: Alcea L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb ( eds.): Flora Europaea. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1968, ISBN 0 - 521-06662 -X, pp. 253-254 ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).
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