Aleksandr Stoletov

Alexander Grigoryevich Stoletow (Russian Александр Григорьевич Столетов; * 29 Julijul / August 10 1839greg in Vladimir, .. .. † 15 Maijul / May 27 1896greg in Moscow) was a Russian physicist.

Life

Stoletow Alexander was born on August 10, 1839 in Vladimir. His father was a penniless merchant. From 1849 to 1856 Stoletow attended high school in Vladimir. After graduating, he studied from 1856 to 1860 at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University. The period from summer 1862 to December 1866 Stoletow spent abroad, including in the cities of Berlin, Heidelberg and Göttingen. He then returned to Moscow, where he worked as a teacher at the University of Moscow. Stoletow worked at this time on his dissertation on " The general problem of electrostatics " ( общая задача электростатики ), which he defended in May 1869. Stoletow interested in from now on for the magnetic properties of iron and his habilitation in 1872. Henceforth, he was a professor at the university. He received a physical laboratory for the equipment he expended much effort and money. In the same year he discovered the magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic substances. 1881 took Stoletow on 1st Global Congress of Physicists in Paris.

From February 1888 to July 1890, he conducted research on the outer photoelectric effect by Heinrich Hertz had discovered the previous year. Stoletow was linear at low voltages as a function of the photoelectric current from the voltage saturation at higher voltages and the proportionality of the saturation current of the incident radiation power.

In 1889 he developed the photocell, which emphasized mainly by a lower latency compared to the selenium cell. In 1890, he discovered the existence of a critical gas pressure and a lower pressure limit the photoelectric effect, the Stoletow effect. ( So it would be almost managed to discover the laws of electrical discharges in gases. )

His candidacy for membership in the Academy of Sciences was blocked by the President of the Academy Grand Duke Constantine for his "impossible character."

Stoletow died on 27 May 1896 in Moscow with pneumonia.