Alexandria Port
The Port of Alexandria (Arabic ميناء الإسكندرية - al Mina al - Iskandariyya ) is the envelope, the largest in Egyptian seaport. It was founded in 1900 BC The city of Alexandria is located on the western edge of the Nile Delta between the Mediterranean Sea and the brackish lagoon Mareotis. ( بحيرة مريوط - Buḥarat Mariyyūṭ ).
Geography and operating
The port is located on both sides of the peninsula Ras at- Tin ( رأس التين ), which originated from the ancient island of Pharos.
The East Harbour ( الميناء الشرقي - al Mina aš - Šarqiyya ) is a boat harbor.
The actual port is the West Harbour ( الميناء غربي - al - Mina al - Ğarbiyya ). The inner part of the al -Medina district is separated from the outer by a jetty, the outer from the open sea by the western headland of the peninsula at- Tin, where a naval base is located, and a newer pier. On the headland is the highest of the currently operated lighthouses in Alexandria, with 52 m less than half as high as the ancient and, built in 1848, themselves no longer new.
1980 - 1986 of the west side of the industrial port of El- Dekheila ( ميناء الدخيلة - MINA ad Duhkayla ) was created a few kilometers west.
About the ports of Alexandria run 60 % of Egypt's foreign trade. The Port of Alexandria is very important for tourism, as it will call for many cruise ships. Operators of the ports is the Alexandria Port Authority.
History
Sediment studies from the eastern harbor suggest that today's al - Iskandriyya Beginning of about 2700-2200 and 1000-800 BC a populated port area. Before the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great s was the most important port city in the country but which today in the Bay of Aboukir ( خليج أبو قير - Khalīg Abū Qīr ) sunken Thonis, called by the Greeks Herakleion.
Under the reign of Alexander, who may never have been at the place named after him, the recovery of the harbor and the city began. The construction of the seven stages ( hence the name) long dam Heptastadion ( Ὲπταστάδιον ) to the island of Pharos two artificial beaches have been created, the Eunostos Limen ( Eὐνοστòς Λιμήν, " Good Homecoming port ", later Latin: PORTVS EUSTONVS ) in the west and the Grand Harbour ( Μέγας Λιμήν, Mégas Limen, later Latin: PORTVS MAGNVS ) in the east.
The Bay of Grand Harbour was seaward limited by sandbanks and reefs. The access was easier, since from 282 at a reef between the two main passages of the Pharos Lighthouse stood on some reefs and jetties were built. The tower was important not only in navigating from a distance, but also at the entrance to the. Within the bay sheltered harbor basins were created by jetties and artificial islands. On one of the islands was a royal palace. The Grand Harbour was in the middle in front of urban development of ancient Alexandria.
Due to a series of sandbanks also required when Eunostos - port entry and exit some caution. Only the south-east corner of the bay bordered on the walled city. This led to the canal of Alexandria in the " Kibotós " ( ἡ κιβοτός, " the box " ), a small walled harbor.
In addition to the seaports possessed the ancient Alexandria still south of the city's two inland ports, one at the said channel, and a freshwater lake at Mareotis.
After the Pharos tower had lost its function as a lighthouse in the 14th century, it nevertheless still marked the entrance to the Grand Harbour, as well as the 1480 built in its place Fort of Kait Bay ( قايت باي - Qāyīt Bay).
Between the ancient names as " Eunostus " - and " Big " port and today as the " West" - and "East" port of the western harbor was in European maps referred to as "age" port and the east port as " New " port on may indicate between temporal shifts in use.