Alisma lanceolatum
Lanzettblättriger (Alisma lanceolatum )
The Lanzettblättrige (Alisma lanceolatum ), also called lancet water plantain, is a plant from the family of plantain plants ( Alismataceae ). This marsh plant is widespread in Eurasia. You far less often than the Common plantain occurs ( Alisma plantago- aquatica ), but is also indistinguishable in any case clearly of this. In addition, an intermediate form, the two types looking hybrids.
- 4.1 Literature
- 4.2 Notes and references
- 4.3 External links
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Lanzettblättrige plantain grows in moist locations as deciduous, perennial, herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of about 20 to 50 ( 70) centimeters when the quite far -rise, non- leafing inflorescence in summer is fully formed. As outlasting sprout tubers are formed with a diameter of 1 to 2 centimeters. All plant parts are bare.
There are trained both in ( submerged ) and via ( emersed ) the water surface leaves. The non- submerged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole has a length 13 to 25 centimeters. Those with a length of 6 to 13 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 5 centimeters (sometimes slightly larger ) broad - lanceolate or elliptic leaf blades more or less have five to seven leaf veins and typically act a little blue-green. The base of the leaf narrows gradually into the stalk. As with most water plantain plants which initially spawned underwater leaves, however, are more band-like.
Generative features
Compared to ordinary plantain inflorescence is slightly more compact and less sprawling. The up to 70 inches long overall inflorescence has three to six branches with a total of 15 to 45 rispigen part inflorescences. The triangular- ovoid bracts have a length of 5 to 10 millimeters. The flower stems have a length of 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters.
The relatively small flowers are hermaphroditic and threefold with a double perianth. The three green, broadly oval sepals have a length of 1.5 to 3.2 millimeters and a width of 2 to 2.5 millimeters. The three pink to pale violet colored petals are of a length of 4 to 6.5 mm larger than the sepals, nearly circular and often pointedly centered.
The six stamens stand in a circle. The stamens are about 2 millimeters long. The elliptical or oblong dust bag have a length of 0.6 to 1.2 millimeters. The ovary has a length of 0.4 to 0.6 millimeters. The more or less upright style, which (up to half) has the top third of the function of a scar that reaches a length of 0.6 to 1 millimeter. An unequivocal distinction between the two types is possible on the basis of flower morphology: The area is in Alisma lanceolatum stigmatöse with 0.3 to 0.8 millimeters on average, only half the size and with coarse papillae occupied ( Alisma plantago - aquatica with merely small papillae found in the front -fifth of the pen ).
The flowers open each already in the morning and afternoon are usually closed again, whereas the Common plantain its white to pale - pink flowers usually open until noon and afternoon holds open. The flowering period extends from May to September in Central Europe, this is in midsummer.
The inverted - ovate, light brown achenes have a length of 1.6 to 2 ( rarely to 3 ) mm, one or two grooves and an upright beak. The fruits mature from June to September. The reddish- brown seeds are elongate, with a length of about 1.5 millimeters.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24, 26, 28
Occurrence
The natural range of Alisma lanceolatum ranges from Europe to central Asia, and the species is widespread in north-western India and the North-West African Maghreb. In addition, it has been to South America, introduced to the south of Australia and in the USA and spreads by seed and their tubers. Particular areas and the western states of Oregon and California are known for their occurrence for the United States. Alisma lanceolatum is evaluated in wetlands, especially in wet rice cultivation as dangerous invasive plant.
Within Europe, the area extends north sporadically to Scotland and southern Scandinavia. Areas of occurrence are the major river valleys in Central Europe; in between there are some long-range gaps. In some federal states of Germany, the species is performed on the Red Lists of threatened species ( but not nationwide ), regional sometimes is even considered " critically endangered ". Also in Austria, the species is scattered to rare and is classified as "endangered". The distribution in Switzerland is very discontinuous and restricted to lower altitudes. The hazard rating is here nationwide " vulnerable" (endangered / vulnerable ).
Lanzettblättriger plantain colonized riparian zones and summer -tide mud, sand, clay and silt soils nutrient -and base- rich sites, such as Auentümpeln, ditches or ponds in the field. Locally it is also growing at electrolyte- rich inland salt, but not on the North Sea coast. According to Ellenberg 's indicator values are, among others, a heat - (T7 ) and a weak base pointer ( R7), but mainly to a change in water pointer ( F10). Phytosociological the amphibious locations are attributable mainly to the reeds and sedge vineyards ( order Phragmitetalia australis). Like other water plantain Alisma lanceolatum species is used as an ornamental plant in garden ponds.
System
Alisma lanceolatum was first published in 1796 by William Withering in An Arrangement of British Plants, Third Edition, 2, p 362. Synonyms are Alisma plantago- aquatica var lanceolatum ( With. ) Lej. and Alisma stenophyllum Samuelsson.