Alopecurus

Meadow Foxtail ( Alopecurus pratensis ) on the left and kink - foxtail ( Alopecurus geniculatus ) right

The foxtail grass ( Alopecurus ) are a common world with about 36 species in Central Europe frequently occurring genus of the family Gramineae ( Poaceae ). By resembling the tail of a fox Ährenrispe they received their German name.

Features

The foxtail grasses are one-to two -year or perennial plants. The perennial species the renewal shoots grow up within the leaf sheaths (intravaginal ) of the rhizome -leaves. The stems have multiple nodes, the lower internodes are sometimes thickened. The leaf sheaths are more or less strongly striate, glabrous and down to the base open. The lowest leaf sheaths fray. The ligule is a membranous hem. Leaf blades are rolled or folded in bud position.

The inflorescence is a roller- or egg-shaped, dense, Vielblütige Ährenrispe. The main axis is obscured by the spikelets that are allseitswendig. The side branches are fused with the main axis and branches. The Ährchenstiele are widened briefly and disk-like at the top. The spikelets are flowered and 2-9 mm long. About the flower there is no axis extension. The spikelet is laterally compressed and falls to maturity as a whole from. The glumes are equal and grow together in some species up to about the middle. You have three nerves, keeled, usually ciliate on the keel, membranous and hard to maturity. The lemma is the same length or slightly shorter than the glumes. At the edges of the bottom half of it is grown, thus closing a tube-like bloom. On the back it bears in the lower half of an awn. This is either kneeling or not kneeling and rough. The palea absent in several species, including all of Central Europe. There are three anthers that protrude to the flower on top of the floret. The ovary is bald and wears two short, often bonded together pencils with long, feathery scars. In its heyday, the scars on the top of the flower stand out. The flowers are strongly proterogyn: the scars appear four to six (rarely one to ten ) days before the anthers and pollinated. Arable foxtail and some breeds of meadow foxtail grass are self-sterile.

The fruit ( caryopsis ) is narrow - elliptic to ovate and strongly compressed on the sides. The embryo is a quarter to a third of the length of the fruit. The navel is punctiform.

System

The genus Alopecurus is allocated within the family of grasses of the subfamily Pooideae and the tribe Aveneae.

It consists of 36 species, 14 of which are native in Europe. The GrassBase of Kew Gardens lists the following ways:

  • Rotgelbes foxtail ( Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. ), Also in Central Europe; Home: Europe, Asia, North Africa, North America
  • Alopecurus albovii Tzvelev
  • Alopecurus alpinus Sm, Origin: Northern Russia, Ural, Svalbard, Scotland, Northern England, Taimyr Peninsula
  • Alopecurus anatolicus Doğan
  • Alopecurus apiatus Ovcz.
  • Tube foxtail ( Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. ), Also in Central Europe; Home: Europe, Asia, North America deported
  • Alopecurus aucheri Boiss.
  • Alopecurus baptarrhenius S. M. Phillips
  • Alopecurus bonariensis Parodi & Thell.
  • Alopecurus borii Tzvelev
  • Alopecurus bornmuelleri Dominguez
  • Alopecurus brachystachyus M. Bieb.
  • Bulbous foxtail ( Alopecurus bulbosus Gouan ), also in Central Europe; Home: Algeria, Tunisia, coasts of Western Europe and the Mediterranean area, Turkey
  • Alopecurus carolinianus Walter
  • Alopecurus creticus Trin.; Home: Balkan Peninsula, Crete
  • Alopecurus dasyanthus Trautv.
  • Alopecurus davisii boron
  • Knick- foxtail ( Alopecurus geniculatus L.) in Central Europe; Home: Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and New Zealand naturalized
  • Alopecurus gerardii ( All. ) Vill.; Mountains of southern Europe, from the Southern Alps to the Pyrenees, the Apennines and southern Greece
  • Alopecurus glacialis K. Koch
  • Alopecurus heleochloides hack.
  • Alopecurus himalaicus Hook. f; Home: Himalaya, southern Central Asia, Bulgaria
  • Alopecurus hitchcockii Parodi
  • Alopecurus japonicus Steud.
  • Alopecurus laguroides Balansa
  • Alopecurus lanatus Sm; Home: Turkey
  • Alopecurus longearistatus Maxim.
  • Alopecurus magellanicus Lam.
  • Alopecurus mucronatus hack.
  • Acker foxtail ( Alopecurus myosuroides Huds; Syn: . A. agrestis L.) in Central Europe; Home: Europe, Asia, North Africa, North America, Australia and New Zealand abducted
  • Alopecurus nepalensis Trin. ex Steud.
  • Alopecurus ponticus K. Koch
  • Meadow foxtail ( Alopecurus pratensis L.), also in Central Europe; Home: Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and New Zealand abducted
  • Pompous foxtail ( Alopecurus rendlei suitability; Syn: A. utriculatus (L.) JE Sm ), also in Central Europe; Home: North Africa, South and Central Europe, Turkey
  • Alopecurus saccatus Vasey
  • Alopecurus setarioides sizes.; Home: Macedonia Thrace, Turkey
  • Alopecurus textilis Boiss.
  • Alopecurus turczaninovii O. D. Nikif.
  • Alopecurus utriculatus Solander; Home: Southwestern Asia, Greece ( Siros )
  • Alopecurus vaginatus ( Willd.) Kunth ex Pallas; Home: Southwestern Asia, Crimea

The name Alopecurus has already been used in ancient times. It is composed of the Greek words alopex = fox and oura = tail, thus refers to as the German name for the appearance of the panicle.

Documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil Fitschen - interactive ( CD -Rom ), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
  • Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
  • Hans Joachim Conert: Alopecurus. In: Gustav Hegi: Illustrated Flora of Central Europe. 3rd Edition, Volume I, Part 3, page 176-190. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, 1985. ISBN 3-489-52220-6
  • Giles C. S. Clarke: Alopecurus L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin include: Flora Europaea. Volume 5, page 241-243. Cambridge University Press 1980. ISBN 0-521-20108- X
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