Alyssum

Mountain alyssum ( Alyssum montanum ), illustration

The plant genus Stone herbs ( Alyssum ) belongs to the family of cruciferous plants ( Brassicaceae).

  • 3.1 Types (selection)
  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Alyssum species grow as single-, two-year or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely subshrubs and reach heights of growth of about 8 to 100 cm. The root is thin and spindle-shaped. Aboveground plant parts usually have sedentary star hair or rarely simple hairs ( trichomes ). The upright, ascending or horizontal stems may be branched or unbranched. The stalked or sitting leaves are arranged in rosettes undergraduate and / or alternate distributed on the stem. The simple leaf blades are entire.

Generative features

Racemose inflorescences are composed individually or in total schirmtraubigen or paniculate inflorescences and contain few to many flowers. The flower stems are thin or stocky. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are cruciform with double perianth. The four sepals are ovate to oblong. The four petals are white, yellow or rarely pink. There are six stamens present. The stamens may be one, or not winged on both sides and it can appendages may be present or they are perforated. The anthers are ovate or oblong. There are four nectar glands present, one on each side of the lateral stamens, but there are no middle nectar glands present. In each ovary are located in the apical or parietal placentation or two (rarely four to eight) ovules. The scar is capitate.

The stalked silicles are usually very flat and shaped differently depending on the type. formed with winged or wingless seeds. On the fluffy hairy or smooth flaps are no nerves. The Replum is rounded. The broad septum is completely formed, membranous and without nerves. The seeds lying in two rows or no rows are flattened, more or less circular to ovoid and may have wings. The seed coat may be smooth or slightly reticulate.

Occurrence

The types have their homes mainly in southwestern Asia, South-East Europe and North Africa. One focus of biodiversity is the Mediterranean. Only six species occur in North America.

System

The genus Alyssum belongs to the tribe Alysseae in the family Brassicaceae. The genus name Alyssum was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, pp. 650-652. Alyssum montanum L. For type species is L. Alyssum there are some synonyms: .. .. .. Gamosepalum Hausskn, Meniocus Desv, Odontarrhena CAMey, Psilonema CAMey, Ptilotrichum CAMey, Triplopetalum Nyár .. The generic name derives from the Greek Alyssum a- non or without and for lyssa from rabies or madness;

Types (selection)

There are about 170 Alyssum species:

  • Alpine alyssum ( Alyssum alpestre L.)
  • Sepals alyssum or vulgar alyssum ( Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L., syn: A. calycinum L., A. campestre (L.) L., A. minus Rothm, Clypeola alyssoides L., Clypeola campestris L.. )
  • Alyssum argenteum All.
  • Alyssum atlanticum Desf.
  • Alyssum baumgartnerianum Bornm.
  • Alyssum baeticum ( P.Küpfer ) Greuter & Burdet
  • Alyssum bertolonii Desv.
  • Alyssum bornmuelleri Hausskn. ex Degen
  • Alyssum borzaeanum Nyár.
  • Alyssum bracteatum Boiss. & Buhse
  • Alyssum cadevallianum Pau
  • Alyssum caliacrae Nyár.
  • Alyssum calycocarpum Rupr.
  • Alyssum canescens DC.
  • Alyssum condensatum Boiss. & Hausskn.
  • Alyssum constellatum Boiss.
  • Alyssum corsicum Duby
  • Alyssum cuneifolium Ten.
  • Alyssum dasycarpum Stephan ex Willd.
  • Alyssum densistellatum T.R. Dudley
  • Steppe alyssum ( Alyssum desertorum Stapf )
  • Alyssum diffusum Ten.
  • Alyssum doerfleri Degen
  • Alyssum erosulum Gennari & Pestal. ex Clementi (syn.: A. suffrutescens Boiss. )
  • Alyssum euboeum Halácsy
  • Alyssum x fallacinum Hausskn.
  • Alyssum fastigiatum Heywood
  • Alyssum fedtschenkoanum N. Busch
  • Alyssum fischerianum DC.
  • Alyssum flahaultianum Emb
  • Alyssum foliosum Bory & Chaub.
  • Alyssum fragillimum ( Baldacci ) Rech.f.
  • Alyssum fulvescens Sm
  • Alyssum granatense Boiss. & Reut.
  • Alyssum gustavssonii Hartvig
  • Alyssum handelii Hayek
  • Alyssum heldreichii Hausskn.
  • Alyssum heterotrichum Boiss.
  • Shaggy alyssum ( Alyssum hirsutum M.Bieb. )
  • Alyssum homalocarpum Boiss.
  • Alyssum idaeum Boiss. & Heldr.
  • Alyssum lanceolatum Baumgartner
  • Alyssum lapeyrouseanum Jord.
  • Alyssum lassiticum Halácsy
  • Alyssum lenense Adams
  • Alyssum ligusticum Breistr.
  • Alyssum linifolium Stephan ex Willd.
  • Alyssum loiseleurii P.Fourn. (Syn.: A. arenarium Loisel. )
  • Alyssum longicaule Boiss.
  • Alyssum longistylum Grossh.
  • Alyssum macrocarpum DC.
  • Alyssum marginatum Steud. ex Boiss.
  • Alyssum markgrafii O.E.Schulz
  • Alyssum minutum Schltdl. ex DC.
  • Alyssum moellendorfianum Asch.
  • Mountain alyssum ( Alyssum montanum L.)
  • Wall - alyssum ( Alyssum murale Waldstein & Kitaibel )
  • Alyssum nebrodense Tineo
  • Alyssum nevadense Wilmott ex PWBall & TRDudley
  • Alyssum obovatum ( C.A.Meyer ) Turcz.
  • Alyssum obtusifolium Steven ex DC.
  • Obir alyssum or Alpine alyssum ( Alyssum ovirense A.Kern. )
  • Alyssum pateri Nyár.
  • Alyssum peltarioides Boiss.
  • Alyssum pulvinare Velen.
  • Alyssum purpureum Lag & Rodr.
  • Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr.
  • Transylvanian alyssum or Crawling alyssum ( Alyssum repens Baumg. )
  • Alyssum robertianum Bernard ex Gren. & Godr.
  • Alyssum rostratum Steven
  • Alyssum scardicum Wettst.
  • Alyssum scutigerum Durieu
  • Alyssum serpyllifolium Desf.
  • Alyssum sibiricum Willd.
  • Alyssum siculum Jord.
  • Alyssum simplex Rudolphi (syn.: A. campestre auct nonn, A. micranthum CAMey, A. minus auct, A. minus var micranthum ( CAMey. ) TRDudley, Clypeola minor L., nom inval. .. .. . )
  • Alyssum smolikanum Nyár.
  • Alyssum smyrnaeum C. A. Mey.
  • Alyssum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr.
  • Dorn alyssum ( Alyssum spinosum L.)
  • Alyssum stapfii Vierh.
  • Alyssum stribrnyi Velen.
  • Alyssum strictum Willd.
  • Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol.
  • Alyssum szowitsianum fish. & C.A.Mey. ( Syn: . A. stenostachyum Botsch & Vved. )
  • Alyssum tavolarae Briq.
  • Alyssum taygeteum Heldr.
  • Alyssum tenium Halácsy
  • Alyssum tenuifolium M. Bieb.
  • Alyssum Tortuosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.
  • Alyssum turkestanicum rule & Schmalh.
  • Alyssum umbellatum Desv.
  • Alyssum wierzbickii Heuff.
  • Wulfen alyssum ( Alyssum wulfenianum Schltdl. )
  • Alyssum xanthocarpum Boiss.

Some species no longer belong to this genus:

Pictures

Sepals alyssum ( Alyssum alyssoides )

Ordinary Mountain alyssum ( Alyssum montanum subsp. Montanum )

Wall - alyssum ( Alyssum murale )

Alyssum ovirense

Steppe alyssum ( Alyssum desertorum )

Swell

  • Ihsan Ali Al- Shehbaz: Alyssum in the Flora of North America, Volume 7, 2010, p 447: Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Tai - Yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al- Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 8, 2001, p 86: Alyssum - Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • The genus Alyssum Flora of Pakistan. (English )
Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Lobularia maritima Agricultural Research Service
54966
de