Amanita caesarea
Emperor Ling (Amanita Caesarea )
Called The Emperor Ling (Amanita Caesarea ), Emperor fungus or Orange Yellow Amanita, is a species of fungus in the family Wulstlingsverwandten ( Amanitaceae ), which enjoys the reputation of an exceptionally savory food fungus since antiquity.
Features
The Emperor Ling is an agaric with articulated in hat and stem fruiting bodies. The hat is about 7 to 15, in exceptional cases, 18 centimeters wide. Jung initially shrouded clavate to ovoid and of a white universal veil, the hat shields on the age. Its surface is colored bright orange and often yellowish ausblassend to the brim down, moist little greasy, silky, shiny when dry, smooth and serrated edge. From the velum rarely some white scraps remain on the hat surface. The lemon to golden yellow stem is about 8 to 15 inches long and 2 to 3 cm thick, at the top it tapers slightly at the base, he is against thickened bulbous. Its surface is finely fibrous- flaky with the durable, hanging, superficially grooved, underside smooth, golden cuff. The handle is in a sack-like, lobed, thick-skinned, white to off-white volva. The fins are bright yellow young and change color as they ripen after golden. The spore powder is white. The otherwise white flesh under the hat skin shows a yellow color. The smell is pleasant, the taste mild and nutty.
Artabgrenzung
The poisonous fly agaric is another rothütige European Amanita species. He often differs by white velum - scales on the hat skin, but which can also be easily wiped off. Stalk and fins are the Emperor Ling pronounced yellow to whitish- yellow, and at least in the fresh mushroom fruiting body white. Furthermore, the Emperor Ling has a clear and well-developed volva, which is not present in the fly agaric in the rule. In the cell material of the universal veil found at Toadstool bloated Hyphenelemente and Sphaerocysten.
Ecology
The Emperor Ling is a mycorrhizal fungus, which can be associated with oaks, beeches, pines and chestnuts, it is highly heat and grows in open woods and thickets. In Central Europe it grows on weak to strong acidic, fresh soils, which are only slightly supplied with bases. The fruiting bodies appear from summer to autumn.
Dissemination
The Emperor Ling comes in the Holarctic in the Mediterranean to warm temperate zones before: in Europe, in the Caucasus, Japan, East Asia, in North America ( Mexico to Canada ) and North Africa (Morocco and Algeria). In Europe it is in the south of Spain, Corsica, Italy, on the Balkan Peninsula and in Central Europe from Southern France to Hungary and the Czech Republic, rarely to southern Poland before. North of the Alps, the species is rare. In Germany the Emperor Ling occurs erratically, there are sites in Baden- Württemberg, Bavaria, Rhineland -Palatinate and Hesse, in rare cases, the type was also found in Saxony. Breitenbach and Kränzlin assume that the occurrence north of the Alps back to carryover from the Roman period, as it acted mainly along the old Roman roads.
System
Worldwide numerous similar species are known. The exact relationships are, however, not yet clarified. There is the group of species to the Emperor Ling of five types. The group around the similar Tibetan Emperor Ling (A. hemibapha ) includes about 40 species.
Importance
The extremely rare fungus in Central Europe since ancient times a very esteemed edible mushroom, which is south of the Alps acted as market mushroom. In the " Red List of endangered large mushrooms in Germany " of Emperor Ling is classified as RL 1 ( threatened with extinction ), according to Annex 1 to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance it is specially protected and therefore may not be collected in Germany.