Antiemetic

Antiemetics (from the Greek anti - against, emesis - vomiting) are drugs used to suppress nausea and vomiting.

Indications

Antiemetics are used

  • Against sickness and other kinetoses
  • For nausea during pregnancy
  • Against postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV)
  • Nausea, which occurs in connection with chemotherapy.

Contraindications

In cases of poisoning, such as food poisoning or gastro- intestinal infections, vomiting may be ( medically ) "desired" to eliminate the poison or poisons from the body. In such cases, the use of antiemetics would not make sense.

Antiemetics can not stop when the cause of vomiting a ( mechanical ) is obstruction of the gastrointestinal passage nausea and vomiting ( for example, when ileus or pyloric stenosis in ).

The substances used

  • H1 - antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate, meclizine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine
  • Prokinetic agents: metoclopramide, bromopride, cisapride, domperidone
  • Setrone (5 -HT3 receptor antagonists): granisetron, ondansetron, tropisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron
  • Antipsychotic drugs: sulpiride, phenothiazines ( esp. promethazine, perphenazine, triflupromazine ), butyrophenones ( haloperidol, droperidol )
  • Anticholinergics ( parasympatholytics ): scopolamine
  • Antivertiginous: ginger rhizome
  • Neurokinin -1 receptor antagonists: aprepitant
  • Corticoids: for example, Dexamethasone, including glucocorticoids
  • Other: benzodiazepines ( esp. diazepam), tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC ), oxygen
5-HT receptor Feeding tube
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