Apex of lung

As pleural ( cupula pleurae ) is the part of the pleura ( pleural ) means that dominates the first rib, the upper edge of the sternum and the clavicle. It is based on the upper apex of the lung. The pleura is sufficient in humans move forward until the seventh cervical vertebra and dominates the clavicle by 2 to 3 cm and the connection between the first rib and sternum by about 4 cm. Side of the pleural boundaries Musculi the scalene muscles, toward the center, the large neck vessels and ventral the stellate ganglion. The front surface of the pleural dome is vertebral artery crossed by the phrenic nerve, vein and internal thoracic artery and artery. Cephalad of the cupola is the Armgeflecht. In the area of ​​pleural lung is protected only by soft tissues and easily vulnerable to puncture wounds.

During respiration the pleural dome is exposed to tensile forces. The associated with the pleura endothoracic fascia is therefore reinforced here is what is referred to as membrane suprapleural ( Gibson 's fascia ). Moreover, there are strip-like reinforcement to the vertebral bodies, and ribs are referred to as Sugarkandle tapes and the coupling stable.