Arbovirus

As arboviruses (. Acronym for engl arthropod -borne virus (es) ) refers to viruses that are transmitted by arthropods (jointed ); the diseases triggered by them are summarized as arboviral diseases. The name derives from " arthropod borne viruses ." It is an artificially pooled group without further relationships within the virus taxonomy.

The group membership is taken solely by the transmission path: Arboviruses multiply in vertebrates, are taken up by blood-sucking insects or ticks during the period of viremia and transmitted by bite or sting to other susceptible vertebrates. The vectors ( arthropods ) ill not on the captured viruses.

Occurrence

More than 350 different arboviruses are known, of which about 95 are transmitted to humans. Main distribution area are the habitats of vectors, mostly in the tropics. Most human Arboviruserkrankungen are zoonotic nature, Arboviruses five circulate both in human and in animal populations that have been used, only the dengue virus exclusively human host as a reservoir.

Also in Europe, several transmissible to humans ( human pathogen ) arboviruses are known: TBE, Tahyna, Sindbis and West Nile virus, and probably the Usutu virus.

Propagation

Arboviruses can survive for years or for life in ticks and mosquitoes. Reservoir hosts are domestic and wild animals such as birds, rodents, sheep, cattle, monkeys, etc. Man is often just a coincidence host and then does not serve as a reservoir. Due to ecological changes (migration, deportation of animals, deforestation, climate change, etc. ), some arboviral diseases have spread in recent years beyond their original geographical borders. Among the vectors (vectors) are hard ticks ( Ixodidae ), soft ticks ( Argasidae ), mosquitoes ( Culicidae ), biting midges ( Ceratopogonidae ) and sandflies.

List of people on the transferable arboviruses (examples)

Family Togaviridae

  • Chikungunya virus ( chikungunya vector: mosquitoes )
  • Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus ( vector: mosquitoes )
  • Mayarovirus ( Mayaro fever, via mosquito bite )
  • O'nyong - nyong virus ( O'nyong - nyong fever vector: mosquitoes )
  • Ross River virus ( Ross River disease vector: mosquitoes )
  • Sindbis virus ( Sindbis fever vector: mosquitoes )
  • Semliki Forest virus (vector: mosquitoes )
  • Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus ( vector: mosquitoes )
  • Western Equine Encephalitis virus ( vector: mosquitoes )

Family Flaviviridae

  • Yellow fever virus ( yellow fever vector: mosquitoes, mainly the yellow fever mosquito Stegomyia aegypti and Haemagogus and Sabethes species)
  • Dengue virus ( dengue vector: mosquito, Stegomyia aegypti or Stegomyia albopicta )
  • TBE virus ( TBEV, TBE / tick-borne encephalitis, vector: ticks, Ixodidae, including Ixodes ricinus)
  • Japanese B encephalitis virus (Japanese encephalitis vector: mosquitoes )
  • Kunjin virus ( Kunjin encephalitis vector: mosquitoes )
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus ( Kyasanur forest fever, vector: ticks )
  • Louping -ill encephalitis (vector: ticks )
  • Murray Valley encephalitis (vector: mosquitoes )
  • Omsk hemorrhagic fever (vector: ticks )
  • Powassan encephalitis (vector: ticks )
  • Usutu virus ( nonspecific fever, vector: mosquitoes )
  • West Nile virus ( West Nile fever, vector: mosquitoes )
  • St. Louis encephalitis virus ( St. Louis encephalitis vector: mosquitoes )

Family Bunyaviridae

  • Bhanja virus ( vector: ticks )
  • Bunyamwera fever (vector: mosquitoes )
  • California encephalitis (vector: mosquitoes )
  • Erve virus ( erve virus fever vector: ticks )
  • Heartland virus ( vector: ticks )
  • Ingå virus ( viral encephalitis, vector: mosquitoes )
  • Jamestown Canyon virus ( vector: mosquitoes )
  • Crimean - Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( Crimean-Congo fever vector: ticks )
  • La Crosse virus ( La Crosse encephalitis vector: mosquitoes )
  • Melao virus ( vector: mosquitoes )
  • Oropouche virus ( Oropouche fever, vector: mosquitoes, especially the midge Culicoides paraensis )
  • Rift Valley fever virus ( Rift Valley fever vector: mosquitoes )
  • Sandfly fever = Pappataci fever (vector: mosquitoes )
  • Tahyna virus ( nonspecific fever, vector: mosquitoes of the genus Aedes esp. )
  • Toscana virus ( Phlebotomusfieber Tuscany fever vector: sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus )
  • Trivittatus virus ( vector: mosquitoes )
  • Uukuniemi virus ( vector: ticks )

Family Reoviridae

  • Colorado tick fever virus ( Coltivirus, Colorado tick fever, vector: ticks )
  • Lipovnik virus ( vector: ticks )
  • Tribec virus ( vector: ticks )
  • Eyach virus ( Eyach virus fever vector: ticks )

Family Asfarviridae

  • Asfivirus ( African swine fever virus vector: ticks )
Tick-borne encephalitis virus Usutu-Virus Simian Natural reservoir Ross-River-Virus Dengue-Virus Heartland-Virus
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