Archbishopric of Salzburg
Territory of the Holy Roman Empire
The Archbishopric of Salzburg ( synonymous with the Archbishopric of Salzburg) was a Catholic archbishopric and existed as a corporate state in the Bavarian kingdom Circle of the Holy Roman Empire from the High Middle Ages (14th century) until the secularization in 1802 /03. It was the secular dominion of the prince-archbishops of Salzburg, in contrast to the larger area of the diocese of spiritual pastoral region of the Archdiocese of Salzburg from 739 ( archdiocese from 798 ). The Archbishop had the title Primate Germaniae. The state was secularized in 1803 as the Electorate of Salzburg and is the forerunner of today's state of Salzburg in Austria.
Prehistory
The origins of Christianity in the province of Salzburg are in the 6th century under the Agilolfingern. It begins in the territorial sense with the Baiuwarenmission the franc Rupert, now patron, who settles 696 in Salzburg. Especially in the 7th century, founded several monasteries and convents, which justified the later ecclesiastical organization. Around 700 was a large church in honor of St. Peter founded out of which later developed into the cathedral chapter. The Irish monk St. Boniface brought 739 the papal confirmation for the newly founded diocese and fixed the diocesan boundaries. On April 20, 798 was the diocese by Pope Leo III, at the request of the Frankish king Charlemagne. raised to an archbishopric. To him, the Bavarian suffragan dioceses Freising, Neuburg, Passau, Regensburg and Saeben are assigned. This church province temporarily Altbairische the entire tribal area, thus the majority of today's Austria and Bavaria ( except for Franconia and Swabia ), today's South Tyrol and Trentino, large parts of Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Slovakia. Arn [o ] was the first archbishop. The creation of the ecclesiastical province is a Bavarian state church in the context of the work. Today's Burgenland became the border of the ecclesiastical province through the establishment of the archbishopric of Gran in the year 1001. At the Salzburg area Diocesan Eigenbistümer the Gurk ( 1072 ), Chiemsee ( 1215), Seckau ( 1218 ) and Lavant ( 1228 ) were built.
History
Only in the 13th century, a first political independence of the narrower episcopal territory developed. This does not affect remained the spiritual jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Salzburg, which was canonically exist across borders.
Archbishop Eberhard II, a staunch partisan of the Hohenstaufen, he managed from 1200 to 1246 from counties, courts and bailiwicks a closed archiepiscopal territory build. From 1275, with Archbishop Frederick II, the last phase of detachment of Salzburg from the mother country Bavarians began. 1328 under Archbishop Henry, the diocese of Salzburg got its own country order. The archbishops of Salzburg were princes within the Holy Roman Empire and led from about 1350 ( Ortolf ) the title of Prince Archbishop (Latin archiepiscopus et princeps). In the Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire of the prince bishop belonged to the clergy Bank of Imperial Prince Council. By the end of the archbishopric by the secularisation of 1803 as part of the Imperial Diet Losing it belonged to the Bavarian kingdom circle.
From 1520 onwards, the Reformation spread also in Salzburg greatly from. But had, especially in the 17th century, the prince archbishops Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau and later Markus Sittikus Count of Hohenems in the sense of the Counter-Reformation. Still could keep in Alpine valleys secret Protestants. The antireformatorische policy of Fürsterzbistums by the rigid processing against the Protestants in the 18th century became famous. 1731 sales Leopold Anton Graf von Firmian about 19,500 Salzburger exiles from his country.
The secularisation of 1803 withdrew the Salzburg archbishops political power. As Duchy of Salzburg, which also was awarded the Electorate, it coincided with the high pins Berchtesgaden, Eichstätt Passau and to the Grand Duke Ferdinand III. of Tuscany, Habsburg Sekundogenitur. 1805 was also formally Berchtesgaden to the Empire of Austria, 1809/1810 to the Kingdom of Bavaria. It was not until 1816, after the end of the Napoleonic wars, the bulk of Salzburg finally came to Austria, first as Salzach circle part of Austria above the Enns, from 1850 as a re- built duchy and crown land. However, Berchtesgaden and the Rupertiwinkel remained with Bavaria. However, the spiritual Archdiocese of Salzburg remained, despite the overall loss of secular power lay only Archbishop Rohracher 1951 the title of Prince Archbishop, while he retained the title Primate Germaniae for himself and his successors.