Ardisia crenata

Notched pointed flower ( Ardisia crenata )

The Notched pointed flower ( Ardisia crenata ), also known as coral berry or spice berry, is a species of the genus Ardisia in the subfamily Myrsinengewächse ( Myrsinoideae ). It is native in the southwestern India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam and China and wild in many parts of the tropics and subtropics. Ardisia crenata is used as an ornamental plant.

• 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Ardisia crenata growing shrub, reaching heights of growth of usually 1 to 1.5 ( up to 3) meters. The bark of the branches, the lower leaf surface and the Blütenstandsrhachis are initially covered with tiny reddish glands, but they will soon be bare. The stem having a circular cross-section branches 3-4 mm and a brown crust.

The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The bare petiole has a length of 6 to 10 mm. The simple, leathery to papery leaf blade is at a length of 7 to 15 cm and a width of 2 to 4 cm narrowly lanceolate, elliptic to lanceolate wrong with wedge-shaped and pointed to Spreitenbasis sharpened top end. The leaf surfaces are dotted clearly reddish glandular. On each side of the center rib 12 to 18 are side nerves and nerve is often obscured by the edge of the bent-back edge of the sheet. The leaf margin is notched or wavy and has large, ellipsoidal, vascularized nodes in which the bacterium Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum are symbiotic. There are no stipules present.

Generative features

The flowering period extends usually from May to June. In particular, usually 4 to 16 (up to 40 ) cm long, two-to three-leaf side branches are terminally or the doldigen zymösen inflorescences, each containing five to 18 or more flowers. The sometimes upright flower stems have a length of 7 to 10 cm.

The hermaphrodite flowers are usually fünfzählig, rarely four or sechszählig double perianth. The usually five, rarely four or six green, bare, dotted sepals are usually at a length of 1 to 1.5 ( up to 2.5 ) mm oblong- ovate with a rounded to blunt end and a smooth edge and each other only very short fused. The usually five, rarely four or six white or rarely pink, egg-shaped with a length of 4 to 6 mm petals are fused only at the base, and spread to bent back and have a pointed upper end and a smooth edge. It's just a circle with usually five stamens present; they do not protrude beyond the petals. The very short stamens are fused to its broad base and put on about at the base of the petals. The under -dash hand anthers are triangular - lanceolate with pointed top and jump with longitudinal slots on. The nearly spherical, bare, dotted ovary contains a series of standing about five ovules. The long, slim style ends in a point-shaped scar. The stamp is almost the same length as the petals.

The spherical with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm stone fruits are fleshy and wear at the top of the resistant pen. The shell of the drupe is punctured. The initially light green when ripe in October to December, dark colored fruits remain after maturity up to one year or longer on the bush, with their coloring can change the mark. The seeds are spherical.

Occurrence

The home of Ardisia crenata is located in the south-western India, Myanmar, Malaysia, the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Korea and China. In China, it thrives in woods, on hills and in valleys in shrubby areas and dark moist places at altitudes 100-2400 m in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, southwestern Xizang Yunnan and Zhejiang. She is wild in many parts of the tropics and subtropics.

It thrives on acidic soils.

System

The first description of Ardisia crenata was valid in 1817 by John Sims in the Botanical Magazine, 45, table 1950. There is also the homonym Ardisia crenata Roxb. in Flora Indica; or descriptions of Indian Plants, 2, 1824, pp. 276 Ardisia crenata Sims are synonyms for: Ardisia bicolor E.Walker, Ardisia crenata fo. hortensis ( Migo ) WZFang & K.Yao, Ardisia crenata fo. taguetii ( Nakai ) Ohwi, Ardisia crenata subsp. crassinervosa ( E.Walker ) CMHu & JEVidal, Ardisia crenata subsp. mouretii ( Pit. ) CMHu & JEVidal, Ardisia crenata var bicolor ( E.Walker ) CYWu & C.Chen, Ardisia crispa var taquetii H.Lév. , Ardisia konishii Hayata, Ardisia kusukusensis Hayata, Ardisia labordei H. Lév. , Ardisia lentiginosa Ker Gawl. , Ardisia lentiginosa var ractangularis Hatus. , Ardisia linangensis CMHu, Ardisia miaoliensis SYLu, Ardisia mouretii Pit. , Bladhia crenata ( Sims ) H.Hara, Bladhia crenata var taquetii H.Hara, Bladhia crispa var taquetii ( H.Lév. ) Nakai, Bladhia lentiginosa ( Ker Gawl. ) Nakai, Bladhia lentiginosa fo. hortensis Migo, Bladhia lentiginosa var lanceolata Masam ..

Ardisia crenata belongs to the subgenus Crispardisia in the genus Ardisia. At the same subgenus includes Ardisia crispa ( Thunb. ) A.DC. with the easily and often Ardisia crenata is confused.

Use

Ardisia crenata is used in the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. It is also suitable as a house plant and is one of the few plant species that have been selected for their decorative fruits for it. When the culture is to be noted that it requires an acidic substrate. It is propagated by cuttings. There are some elite forms.

Ardisia crenata is mentioned gangmu in Ben-cao, where it is described as a medicine against sore throats.

The medical effects have been investigated.

Ingredients

Ardisia crenata is mildly toxic. It contains Ardisicrenoside called saponins and aglycone Ardisicrenogenin.

Swell

• Jie Chen, John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae. In: Flora of China. Volume 15, 1996, p 19: Ardisia crenata - online. (Section Description and dissemination )
• John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson: Ardisia. In Flora of North America. Volume 8, 2009, p 319: Ardisia crenata - online. (Section Description, usage, systematics and distribution )