Arthur Moeller van den Bruck
Arthur Moeller van den Bruck (also: Moeller -Bruck, eigtl Moeller, born April 23, 1876 in Solingen, † May 30, 1925 in Berlin) was a German art historian, political theorist and ethnic - nationalist publicist. He was one of the outstanding representatives of the so-called " conservative revolution " in the 1920s. His principal work, published in 1923, entitled The Third Reich. Moeller, thus contributing to the spread of the coined by Dietrich Eckart term " Third Reich " for the National Socialist state, which had spread from 1933 and even after 1945 remained in use.
Life
1876 Arthur Moeller, son of the Commissioner of City Planning Ottomar Moeller and Baurat daughter Elizabeth Moeller, nee van den Bruck, who was born in Solingen. He left the school without any qualifications. He stayed in Berlin, Paris and Italy. The frequent family name Moeller he added his mother's maiden name. From 1897 to 1904 he was married to Hedda Maase.
In 1905 he published a self-taught an eight -volume work "The Germans, our human history." In 1907 he returned to Germany. In 1914, he signed up as a volunteer. Soon after, he joined the staff in the Foreign Department of the Supreme Command and in this function in the press office of the Foreign Office operates.
As of 1916 the treatise " The Prussian style " appeared in the Moeller van den Bruck Prussianism as the " will of the state " and refers to socialism as a link between Germany and Russia, this marks his turn to nationalism. He described himself now as an opponent of parliamentarism and liberalism, and practiced so that the young conservative movement strong influence.
Masterminds of the Young Conservatives
In his 1919 published magazine " The right of young people", he represented the interests of Germany and Russia as a supposedly " young " people. He laid before an anti- Western and anti -imperialist theory of the state in which he linked nationalism and socialism together. As co-founder of the club in June 1919 and its spiritual center, he took a decisive influence on the Conservative Revolution in the struggle against the Versailles Treaty.
Political major work: The Third Reich
1923 came out his book " The Third Reich ", which he interpreted this political expression and popularized in medieval Christian ethnic - nationalist circles. Under the First Empire he made up the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, Second Empire as he marked the German Empire under Otto von Bismarck. The future Third Reich should be based on the combination of nationalism and socialism. The origins of the term in the "realm of the Holy Spirit " by the medieval mystic Joachim of Fiore, who prophesied the coming of a third realm of pure Spirit, according to the ages of the Father and the Son. Joachim's idea of empire already influenced the German idealists who saw a philosophical ideal realm in which the contrasts between the rem and the ideal world are in a higher " third party " is canceled or synthesized. Moeller moved into this Hegelian idea to the synthesis of conservatism and revolution, nationalism and socialism.
The social utopia " City of the Sun " (1602 ) by the Italian Tommaso Campanella heretic also exerted a certain influence on Moeller's main work. Moeller van den Bruck took him by the Russian Dmitri Sergeyevich Merejkowski (1865-1941), whom he had met in Paris. Even with Merejkowski he called a religious utopia: the fusion of mind and body, Christianity and Hellenism, Western civilization and Eastern spirituality. Only by Moeller van den Bruck but the term used was input into the various groupings of the " conservative revolution " and the Nazi Party, founded in 1920. Since 1939, however, the name disappeared from the vocabulary of the Third Reich of the Nazis.
Policy objectives
Moeller's ideas of a " German socialism ", where the power should be concentrated in a small elite were against liberalism, communism and democracy. Nevertheless, he described himself as a Democrat. Parties were not provided for in its model of society. Non- German and German Jews were tolerated, but should get no social influence. The relationships within society and between nations should be held on the basis of the " struggle for survival " by Social Darwinist principles.
In addition to his political and social ideas Moeller mainly wanted an alignment to the east of Germany, the Soviet Union out reach. The liberal West, especially the United States, was a partner in any case. Among other Otto Strasser, then the author of the forward (up to 1920), the Germania and of Conscience, sympathized with the ideas Moeller van den Bruck. Its approach was also well received in the " fact - circle " and even more so in the so-called National Bolsheviks as Ernst Niekisch.
Although he preached nationalism and socialism, Moeller broke some aspects of National Socialism of the Nazi Party. 1922 there was a meeting of Moeller with Adolf Hitler, who wooed his participation in the Nazi movement:
" You have everything that I'm missing. You will develop the intellectual tools to a renewal of Germany. I am nothing but a drummer and a collector. Let 's work together! "
Moeller behaved towards Hitler, however, reserved as it it as unspiritual and primitive, and thus his own elitist ideas contrary to standing, considered. After the Hitler - Ludendorff - Putsch he said:
" Hitler failed in his proletarian primitivism. He did not understand, to prop up his Nazism mentally. He was embodied passion, but without any distance and a sense of proportion. "
Effective history after 1945
- Armin Mohler, himself a representative of the conservative revolution and thinkers of the New Right pointed out in his work, The Conservative Revolution in Germany from 1918 to 1932, is placed in the revised version to date back to the almost forgotten Moeller back.
- In conservative media and the New Right is an attempt to date to establish the neoconservative ideas and concepts in the social debates. It emerged as Moeller Russia Sympathy regularly as a heavy burden, which also speaks in his own lifetime, against success in civil or right bearing.
- The Ostpreußenblatt praised Moeller in 2000 in two fundamental articles.
Editor and translator of literary works
1906-1922 published Dostoevsky's works in 22 volumes by Piper -Verlag, translated by Less Kaerrick under the pseudonym EK Rahsin, edited by Moeller. This collection contains several German editions and has the work of Dostoevsky outside of Crime and Punishment in Germany only made popular. Although in the meantime scientifically precise issues have been published, bound in red linen ( " Red Edition " ) is still very much appreciated, not least because of its elegant, bibliophile equipment. Together with his wife Hedda gave Moeller in 1904 a widespread translation of the works of Edgar Allan Poe in Germany out.