Aung San Suu Kyi

Aung San Suu Kyi ( Burmese; [ àuɴ s ʰ áɴ SU tɕì ]; born June 19, 1945 in Rangoon, British Burma, now called Myanmar ) is a politician and is since the late 1980s for a non-violent democratization in their home country a. In 1991 she received the Nobel Peace Prize. On 13 November 2010, the military government of Myanmar released Aung San Suu Kyi made ​​her a total of 15 years of house arrest.

In the elections for the lower house Pyithu Hluttaw Burmese from 1 April 2012, she won the election in the constituency MPs Kawhmu. Your party won 43 of the 45 newly vacant parliamentary seats. On May 2, 2012, she put her oath as Member of Parliament.

Life

Family and Education

Aung San Suu Kyi is the daughter of Aung San, commander of the Burma Independence Army ( BIA) and President of the Anti- Fascist People's Freedom League ( AFPFL ) and champion of the independence of the former Burma from Britain, and Ma Khin Kyi, first female ambassador Burma in India. 1947, her father was murdered during a cabinet meeting. Daw Khin Kyi - " Daw " is the honorable salutation of a woman in the Burmese language - was a well-known figure of political life in Burma, where she was mainly active in social policy.

Aung San Suu Kyi grew up in India, where her mother acted as ambassador from 1960 Burma. After high school graduation in New Delhi, she went to England and studied at the University of Oxford. There, she graduated in 1967 with a Bachelor in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. From 1969 to 1971 she worked at the UN Secretariat in New York ( Administrative and Financial Department), in her spare time she was an honorary capacity in a hospital.

Oxford and Kyoto

In 1972 she married the British Tibetologists Michael Aris, with whom she has two sons. In 1974 she moved to Oxford, where Michael Aris held a position at the university. Aung San Suu Kyi began writing and researching in the life of her father, over which they published in 1984 a book. From 1985 to 1986, she moved into a scholarship in Kyoto, Japan, and researched further on the residence of her father in this country. As a consequence, also created other publications about Burma.

Leader of the NLD

In 1988, she returned because of an illness of her mother back to her home. This occurred following the fall of the military dictator Ne Win and the following bloody riots. On 26 August of the same year she held her first speech in which she advocated a " democratic development in Burma " began. Three weeks later, the next military government, which forbade any democratic aspirations. On September 27, the National League for Democracy (NLD ) was formed with Aung San Suu Kyi as party chairman. The policy objectives are to be met with civil disobedience and non-violent. Despite all the threats and violence against their supporters, she continued her campaign. Your preparation for the elections was banned in February 1989. She herself was from July 1989 provided for the first time under house arrest on the grounds that it would endanger the national security. Students who were with her, were arrested, and she went so long on a hunger strike until she was assured their good treatment. In 1990, her party, the elections, the result was not recognized by the military.

On October 14, 1991 Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded " for their non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights," the Nobel Peace Prize. Her husband and her two sons took him on December 10 on their behalf contrary, as Aung San Suu Kyi was afraid that she would be refused re-entry to Burma, if they even traveled to the award ceremony in Oslo.

It was only on 10 July 1995, after about six years, San Suu Kyi's house arrest was lifted. However, their movement for at least another four years remained very limited and they were always worried about their survival - despite or because of their popularity in the country. On the other hand, it was journalists and UN members are allowed multiple times, to visit them, but not as her husband, who she no longer saw again from 1995 until his death on 27 March 1999.

On December 6, 2000 U.S. President Bill Clinton awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom ("The Presidential Medal of Freedom" ), the highest civilian award in the United States. The Irish rock band U2 sat her in 2001 with the song Walk on from the album All that you can not leave behind a musical monument.

More arrests and house arrests

For the second time, she was put under house arrest after she violated the travel ban and had gone to Mandalay. The arrest took place from September 22, 2000 by May 2002.

After the government attributed the attack on their convoy on 31 May 2003 in Dabayin, in the Sagaing Division, the military leadership of Aung San Suu Kyi arrested again. After she was in jail for a while and was operated, since it was again under house arrest in Rangoon. On 24 October 2005 she had spent a total of ten years under house arrest. 1989-1995, 2000-2002 and from May 2003 through October 24, 2005 On 28 November 2005, he was officially extended by half a year.

On May 20, 2006, there was a meeting between Aung San Suu Kyi and the UN envoy Ibrahim Gambari in Rangoon. It was her first meeting with a foreign agent for over three years and was part of a new diplomatic UN mission, was spoken in the with the Burmese government on the respect for human rights and the restoration of democracy. Allen hopes for a release in defiance of the regime decreed on 26 May, the further extension of the house arrest for another year. After this period he was in spite of all appeals to the world on 25 May 2007 again extended for one year.

During the protests of the monks ( " Monk marches " ) managed a group of about 1,000 monks to penetrate 54 on 22 September 2007 on her estate in University Avenue, and she stepped in front of the house for about 15 minutes. It was her first appearance in public for over four years. Rumors about her supposed arrest were denied by an Asian diplomat. After two meetings with the UN special envoy Ibrahim Gambari on 30 September and 2 October 2007, the junta made ​​in the face of public pressure, an offer of talks. If Aung San Suu Kyi from her " course of confrontation, devastation and sanctions " indulgences to those in power, Than Shwe will meet with her personally. As "in the interest of the nation" was received on 8 November on the offer, this marked the beginning of a campaign in which the regime denied them their alleged right to represent all nationalities of Myanmar. UN negotiators Gambari had read her statement after returning from his second missionary crisis in Singapore.

On 25 October 2007 the regime, a series of meetings with the newly appointed, connection ministers ' Aung Kyi began arrange. As part of this media attention staged conversations Aung San Suu Kyi was allowed to meet also members of the National League for Democracy since May 2003 on 9 November 2007 for the first time. Although it was said that they wanted to exchange ideas on a weekly basis, it was only five dates. The meeting with the Minister of connection on 19 November 2007 took place at a time when just the 13th Summit of the ASEAN countries was held in Singapore. After the last meeting on 30 January 2008 members reported their party of their dissatisfaction with the slow progress of the discussions. With the announcement of a referendum on the new constitution and worked the following statements, the regime has indicated that it has no interest in a further "dialogue" with Aung San Suu Kyi.

After countless awards awarded her Canada on 17 October 2007, the honorary citizenship. The U.S. Congress provided them by a unanimous vote on 17 December 2007 with the " Congress Gold Medal ".

Court procedure 2009

In May 2009, Aung San Suu Kyi was arrested a few days before her house arrest expires and taken to Insein Prison in Rangoon for violating house arrest rules. There, a trial began with the accusation against them, they have houses from 3 to 5 May a U.S. citizen in her home.

After fierce international protest foreign observers were admitted to the process on the third day of the trial for the first time. A day later, the public was excluded from the process again.

In August 2009, she was sentenced to another 18 months of house arrest. Five minutes after the pronouncement of judgment, the State Peace and Development Council Senior General Than Shwe and had revised the first sentence pronounced (three years in prison with hard labor ). The lesser sentence was justified, inter alia, with a reference to the father of the convicted person, the " national hero " Aung San An appeal brought against the judgment was dismissed on 2 October 2009. The American citizen who had visited Aung San Suu Kyi, was sentenced to seven years in prison and forced labor, but was allowed to leave at the initiative of U.S. Senator Jim Webb few days after the verdict the country.

In a letter to General Than Shwe Aung San Suu Kyi offered a new era of cooperation. She wanted to work together with the military leadership for the lifting of international sanctions.

Exclusion from the 2010 parliamentary elections

Through a published in March 2010 by the military government election law Aung San Suu Kyi was excluded from the parliamentary elections on November 7, 2010. The law states that prisoners may not be members of any political party. Simultaneously, the National League for Democracy was forced to exclude the politician from the party, they should want to participate in the elections. Although the new law met with international criticism, the military government annulled the same time the result of the general election of 1990, because it no longer agree with the new constitution. The NLD had to the former election by a large majority to decide for themselves.

Release and sworn in as Member of Parliament

On 13 November 2010 she was released from her house arrest.

A little later she received Michelle Yeoh, from which they ( The Lady ) is represented in the produced by Luc Besson film about her life.

In 2011, Aung San Suu Kyi sat in a jury consisting of renowned public figures who were involved in the selection of the universal logo for human rights.

In mid-January 2012, she decided to run for a parliamentary seat in the by-elections on 1 April 2012. On January 29, 2012, she launched her campaign tour. She won the constituency Kawhmu; her party won 43 of the 45 vacant seats, which stood for election.

2 May 2012 Suu Kyi put together with 33 other newly elected members of the National League for Democracy in Myanmar parliament of their oath as Member of Parliament from. In the run they had initially refused to swear on the criticized by their Constitution of 2008. This establishes the prerogatives of the military, about a quarter of the parliamentary seats must be awarded to military personnel. Under pressure from the party and voters they finally gave up their resistance after about a week.

Foreign travel to Thailand and Europe in 2012

May 29, 2012 Suu Kyi broke on its first international tour to 24 years. In Bangkok, she took part in an economic forum. After her invitation to a local panel discussion and a planned visit to a camp Myanmar refugees in the border area President Thein Sein had canceled his coming to the Economic Forum.

On June 13, 2012 Suu Kyi met in Geneva to a more than two-week trip to Europe a. In Switzerland, they spoke at a conference of the International Labour Organisation ( ILO) on trade unions and forced labor in Myanmar. Also they should meet with Foreign Minister Didier Burkhalter in Bern and President Eveline Widmer -Schlumpf. On June 16, Suu Kyi took in the Oslo City Hall after the lecture to the powers conferred on it in the absence of 1991 Nobel Peace Prize. It advertised it for coordinated international assistance to reforms in their home country and was in relation to the democratic reforms "cautiously optimistic". On June 21, she gave a speech in the British House of Commons.

Confirmation as party chairman

At the end of the first Congress in the 25- year history of the NLD confirmed on 10 March 2013, the 120 delegates of the Central Committee unanimously Aung San Suu Kyi as party chairman. The party is preparing for the planned 2015 general election, which would be the first free election in Burma.

Speech in the European Parliament 2013

In the presentation of the Sakharov Prize in 1990 awarded it said on October 22, 2013 at the European Parliament in Strasbourg:

Freedom of thought begins with the right to ask questions and this right our people in Burma have not had for so long did some of our young people do not quite know how to ask questions.

"Freedom of thought begins with the right to ask questions; and this right are the people of Burma had not had for so long, so that some of our young people do not even know how questions are asked. "

Awards (selection)

Documentation

• Luc Besson: The Lady. Biopic, 2011.
• Swiss TV: Aung San Suu Kyi - A life without compromise. Director: Anne Gyrithe Bonne, 2010.