Bavaria state election, 2013

• SPD: 42
• Green: 18
• FW: 19
• CSU: 101

In the state elections in Bavaria in 2013 on September 15, 2013 around 9.4 million voters had the opportunity to decide on the composition of 17 Bavarian Parliament. At the same time found the elections to the seven days of Bavarian district and five referenda ( mandatory referendum ) instead of amending the Bavarian constitution.

→ General information on the choice of the Bavarian Landtag see Bavarian state election system.

• 4.1 Overview
• 4.2 Selecting programs 4.2.1 CSU
• 4.2.2 SPD
• 4.2.3 FW
• 4.2.4 Green
• 4.2.5 FDP
• 4.2.6 left
• 4.2.7 ODP
• 4.2.8 BP
• 4.2.9 pirates

• 7.1 primary vote and voting district results
• 7.2 Constituency results and list of mandates
• 7.3 Referenda

Election date

According to Article 16, Section 1 of the Bavarian Constitution was the selection on a Sunday " at the earliest 59 months, no later than 62 months " shall be defined by the preceding state election 2008. Thus, the possibility existed, they discourage the same time held on September 22, 2013 federal election. The Bavarian government decided in the cabinet meeting of February 20, 2013 against this option and put the Bavarian election day on 15 September, a week before the election. The Prime Minister Horst Seehofer had already explained this in advance, Bavaria was "the oldest, strongest and most successful country in Germany ", which justifies its own election date. Interior Minister Joachim Herrmann also established the separate appointments with an otherwise time-delayed announcement of the country's results by the primary counting of both the Bundestag votes, with possible ambiguities due to the significant differences between state and federal election law and the burden on election officials by the also held district Tags elections and five votes amendments to the Constitution. The SPD regional chairman Florian Pronold however, had called for a uniform election date and spoke of "a disgrace to the citizens ' and the risk of lower turnout.

Starting position

In the regional elections of 2008, the CSU had after 46 years lost the absolute majority in the Bavarian Landtag, but was strongest party remained. In a coalition with the FDP - who moved the first time in three legislatures back in the parliament - she worked with Horst Seehofer continued the Prime Minister. The SPD had its worst election result in 2008 recorded since the war, and together with the Greens and the first time represented in the Landtag outdoors voters the opposition.

Parties and Candidates

Ten parties were in Bavaria in the state parliament election in 2013:

• Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU )
• Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD)
• CDU ( VOTERS FREE )
• Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens )
• Free Democratic Party ( FDP)
• The Left ( Die Linke )
• Ecological- Democratic Party ( ODP )
• The Republicans (REP )
• Bavaria Party ( BP)
• Pirate Party Germany ( PIRATES )

Another five parties competed in each of the seven constituencies:

• National Democratic Party of Germany ( NPD) in all constituencies except Upper Bavaria and Lower Franconia
• Party francs ( THE FRANKS ) in the three Frankish constituencies
• Mrs. list Bavaria ( WOMAN LIST ) in Upper Franconia and Swabia
• Civil Rights Movement Solidarity ( BüSo ) in Upper Bavaria
• Civil Rights Party for more freedom and democracy - Liberty ( FREEDOM ) in Upper Bavaria

Parties (or groups of voters ) that were present at the time of election in the Bavarian Parliament or in the German Bundestag, could submit constituency proposals without further hurdles. Other parties had their candidacy display at the Regional Returning Officer. Parties, which more than 1.25 percent of the vote achieved in the regional elections in 2008, then were able to submit without supporting signatures nominations, this concerned the ODP and the REP. All other parties and groups of voters had to submit for each constituency signatures of 1 per mille of the voters of this constituency. Relevant Calculation basis for this was the right to vote the number of the last preceding statewide ballot, the state parliament election in 2013 so the referendum on Non smoking protection on July 4, 2010. Thus arose for Lower Bavaria a minimum number of 923 supporters signatures, for the Oberpfalz 846, Upper Franconia 857, Middle Franconia in 1270, Lower Franconia 1027, Swabia in 1335 and upper Bavaria by statutory cap 2000 signatures.

Of those authorized for election parties, the German Center Party, The Violet ranged - for spiritual politics, the Pensioners' Party of Germany and the water party a Germany no constituency proposals. Two organizations had also spoke on participation intentions, but were not approved by the National Election Committee for the submission of nominations: SustainableUnion - Sustainability Party of Bavaria filed its application for admission 80 minutes before the deadline form unconstitutional by e -mail, and corrected the form error is no longer in time. The Party of Labour, law, animal welfare, promotion of elite and grassroots initiative had the party name not be reproduced in full in the application for approval - it was missing the word " animal welfare " - and this is not corrected despite several requests.

Top candidates

The Bavarian Minister- President is elected not by direct election, but by the Members of the Bavarian Parliament. Nevertheless, the top candidates of the two major parties in the regional elections are colloquially referred to as " Prime Minister candidate ."

• Top candidate of the CSU was Minister President Horst Seehofer, who also ran on list # 1 on the CSU constituency list Upper Bavaria and as vocal constituency candidates in Neuburg -Schrobenhausen for the state legislature.
• Top candidate of the SPD was the mayor of Munich, Christian Ude. To book a seat in Parliament he was a candidate on list # 1 on the SPD constituency list Upper Bavaria, he competed in any voting district to a direct mandate.
• Top candidate of the Free Voters was the Group Chairman Hubert Aiwanger. He ran No. 1 on the constituency list Lower Bavaria and in the voting district of Landshut.
• Green top candidate was their Group leaders Margarete Bause, who led the constituency list of Alliance 90/Grüne in Upper Bavaria and was a candidate for the direct mandate in the voting district München- Schwabing.
• Top candidate of the FDP was Economics Minister Martin Zeil. He was placed on list # 1 on the FDP constituency list Oberbayern and Direct candidate in the voting district of Starnberg.
• Top candidate of the left was the Munich City Councillor Brigitte Wolf. They ran No. 1 on the constituency list Upper Bavaria and in voting district Bogenhausen.

Direct candidates

To directly elected seats in the 90 voting districts competed for a total of 977 candidates. Among the ten nationwide antretenden eight parties in all voting districts direct candidates had established, with pirates and the Left remained ever a tuning circuit unoccupied ( Passau - West or Memmingen ). The freedom and women's list featured only two voting districts to direct candidates, BüSo in only one.

Of the 91 voting district winners of the regional elections of 2008, 56 competed again a direct mandate. In two tuning circuits ( Bogenhausen and Erding) the relatively rare case occurred, that the incumbent voting district deputies despite renewed candidacy intention defeated in an internal party struggle vote and was not re-nominated. In voting district Miesbach the former Member of Parliament and Member of Parliament Ilse Aigner Alexander Radwan exchanged by mutual agreement the direct applications and stand now for the other Parliament.

The oldest candidate for ( year of birth 1925) joined in voting district Landshut for the NPD, the youngest ( born in or after 1994) in the voting district Straubing for the Greens.

Candidates list

All 977 voting constituency candidates were as list candidates of their parties in the constituencies. In addition, 785 pure list candidates have been nominated a total of the number of parliamentary candidates was thus 1762nd pure list candidates had thereby substantially reduced mandate chance, because the allocation of list seats according to the total number of votes (voting district and list votes in total) determined. From the possibility of adding list candidates for all 180 deputies to be awarded mandates, only Green, the Bavaria Party and the ODP had been exercised. The FDP made ​​176 of 180 possible list candidates on the CSU 164, SPD 158 and the Free Voters 148 The lowest number of candidates reported BüSo with 5 and the freedom with 6 candidates, both were also only in the constituency of Upper Bavaria.

The average age of all antretenden candidates was 50 years with no significant differences in most of the nation's antretenden parties. (CSU: 49, SPD and FDP: 48, Green: 50, FW: 51, left: 54, ODP: 52 Pirate: 39 years old).

Coalition statements

Leading representatives of CSU and FDP had declared their intention to continue the existing coalition in the new legislature. However, this was not true in the case of an absolute majority of the CSU. The SPD sought a three-party coalition of the SPD, the Greens and the liberal voters. The Free Voters talked until the election of a coalition with both the CSU and SPD and the Greens open.

Positions

Survey

This table shows the positions of established parties can be compared to various themes. They refer to the answers that the parties have indicated in the Wahl-O -Mat, the Federal Agency for Civic Education.

Election programs

State election in 2013 - programs of the parties that competed in all of Bavaria to state election: ( The choice of programs are listed in the Web Links link )

Christian Social Union

The CSU presented on 15 July 2013 a more decided by the party leadership "Bayern Plan" with four topics before. When issues are identified to fabricate in Bavaria until 2018 full employment and "fully mitigate " youth unemployment, to create equal life opportunities in all parts of Bavaria, " No debt, no tax increases, no new paragraph" to achieve and liabilities of the Free State in 2030 completely reduce as well as obtain all existing primary schools and to create a choice between eight and nine years of high school. The Congress approved the " Bavaria Plan".

SPD

The SPD Bavaria decided at the state party of 11-12. May 2013 in Augsburg, a " government program " under the title "Bayern can do that! ". In ten points, it is called economic growth, fair wages and working conditions, educational opportunities, better childcare, more opportunities for women, sound fiscal policy, rent control and housing, opportunities for rural areas, openness and tolerance as well as a change of style as the focus of a targeted government.

FW

The "Guidelines for state election 2013", the Free Voters Bavaria were adopted on 8 June 2013, the State General Assembly in Germering. Under the title "HOME shape together for the PEOPLE " positions to 17 subjects are presented. Priorities are the country's development with the goal of equal living conditions and a strengthening of rural education policy by calling for a choice between eight and nine years of school, energy policy with a focus on the promotion of decentralized energy supply and strengthen renewable energy and health policy with the focus on an area-wide medical care.

The state election program of the Bavarian countryside, it was decided at the state Assembly on 13 and 14 April 2013 Würzburg. It calls for a " modern, ecological, cosmopolitan and just Bavaria " and a policy of " man and nature in the center represents ". Individual topics include strengthening regional development, promote cooperation between local authorities, equal opportunities for women and men, environmental and social criteria in the public procurement of goods and services to put climate change at the center of national politics, limited land use certificates, a green Agriculture and Forestry with Bavaria as a GM-free region and increased municipalization of energy supply.

FDP

The FDP Bayern put her election campaign under the slogan "Bavaria driving force" and decided their state election program on 27 January 2013, the state party in Fürth. Specific topics include the full employment in Bavaria in 2015, the abolition of opening prohibitions on working days, a more humane treatment of refugees, the prevention of tax increases, better data and consumer protection, the abolition of the health fund to include a debt brake in the Constitution, the to make the Free State until 2030 at the latest debt-free, a " 5-year -TÜV " to verify the state law, the privatization of BayernLB, the release of state payment of ecclesiastical dignitaries, the abolition of second home taxes and social insurance contributions due for early childhood education. In addition, the Liberals are in favor of the program for greater limits on state monitoring programs and better involvement of citizens in political decisions.

Left

The Left Party calls for a strengthening of democratic rights, better health care in rural areas and the absence of the third runway at Munich Airport in the preamble of its delivered up on April 20, 2013 in Nuremberg from state party election program. It occurs, among other things, a social housing for rent limits, free education from nursery through to further, renewable energy, affordable primary care with warmth and energy from municipal ownership and give priority to public transport. Cuts in welfare and education declines.

ODP

The Ecological Democratic Party is in their program, among others, more energy saving, energy efficiency and increased use of renewable energies. Pension, and health care should be funded more by the ODP view through taxes. The ODP program calls a child-raising salary of € 1,000. According to the program of the ODP, it is the duty of the State Government to provide affordable rents.

BP

In its program "Ten points in white- blue " on championship party, among other things, the abolition of the solidarity surcharge, simplification of tax law, more democracy and an independent State of Bavaria. It advocates in its election program for the protection of citizens' privacy and does not accept a " police state " from. Another point in the election program of BP is the expansion of biogas, wind power and small hydropower plants and the expansion of decentralized power supply.

Pirates

The Pirate Party wants to prevent Germany in their " state election program 13 " with more transparency and reduce corruption tax waste. The pirates want to end government payments to churches and abolish silent holidays according to the program. A care allowance is also rejected in the Pirate program as a quota for women in business. In addition, the federal government should more strongly involved in social housing.

Referenda

Simultaneously with the election held five referendums to change the constitution of the Free State of Bavaria. All resolutions were approved by the voters. ( Text and notes to the referendums are linked in the section links )

Surveys

One year before the state election in the fall of 2013, the CSU could expect a much improved result compared to the 2008 election. Depending on the survey appeared at this time to achieve an absolute majority of CSU possible. While the SPD stagnated in the polls and the Greens could increase slightly, had to reckon with a slightly worse result, the Free Voters. With FDP, the Left and the Pirate Party was questionable whether they will overcome the five-percent hurdle ( for a place in the district days this does not apply for a seat in the district of Upper Bavaria can therefore already less than 1% of votes sufficient ).

For the Sunday question the pollsters following shares in ( na not specified ) reported in each survey:

Result

According to the official results, the CSU won by Prime Minister Horst Seehofer compared to the 2008 election by 4.3 percentage points. You could, as I 1962-2008, represent the absolute majority of the elected representatives. The SPD won two percentage points compared to the 2008 results, which had been for the war, the worst result in the history of the Bavarian SPD.

Although the Free Voters lost compared to 2008 by 1.2 percentage points, but rallied back in the parliament and became the third strongest faction again. Although the Greens were able to get 20,000 more votes than in the last election, but the voting share of the Greens fell due to the higher turnout to 8.6 percent. The FDP lost more than half their voters and failed at 3.3% at the five - percent hurdle, as well as all other parties.

Turnout was 63.6 percent, 5.7 percentage points higher than in 2008 ( plus 600,000 voters ). Thus more than a third of the electorate did not participate in the election. 1.6 percent of the votes were invalid.

First preference votes and voting district results

The 90 Bavarian tuning circuits were in size between 80 143 eligible voters (voting district Oberpfaffenhofen adIlm ) and 131 655 voters (voting district Kulmbach ). Voting district with the lowest turnout was Nurnberg-West with 51.7 %, the highest participation recorded Munich -rural South with 74.3 %.

The direct candidates of the CSU were successful in 89 of the 90 voting districts. In 29 voting districts of the CSU candidate scoring not only the required simple majority, but with a Erststimmenanteil of more than 50 percent of the absolute majority. The state-wide highest Erststimmenanteile reached 63.1 % Marcel Huber voting district Mühldorf, the top candidate Horst Seehofer ( 61.5 % in the voting district of Neuburg- Schrobenhausen ) and Reserl Sem ( 59.1 % in the voting district Rottal- Inn).

For the SPD Ruth Waldmann achieved the direct mandate in the voting district Munich - Milbertshofen in which she as the successor of the previous SPD - voting constituency candidate Franz Maget first time took. This voting district pointed with 1136 votes (1.5 percentage points) difference even the smallest difference between obsiegendem and nächstplatziertem direct candidates. Other relatively scarce decisions were made in the vocal circles Munich -Schwabing (difference 2.3 percentage points ) and Nürnberg-Nord (3.1 percentage points).

The Free Voters made ​​no direct mandate, were among the first votes but in twelve voice circuits ahead of the SPD. In three voting districts ( Forchheim, Cham, Landshut ), they reached more than 20 percent of the primary vote. The Greens also made ​​no direct mandate, their candidates were in the vocal circles Freising - here Christian Magerl reached 25.2% of the primary vote - and Berchtesgaden but before those of the SPD, thus sections which candidates in these two circles just as fourth-placed.

By the Bavarian electoral system, in which first and second vote for the majority in Parliament are the same relevant, was the " vote splitting " in the voting behavior of comparatively little importance: In the majority of the voting districts, the Erststimmenanteil of direct applicants of the two major parties differ only by less than two percent of the total vote share reached there. This applies to the CSU in 57, for the SPD in 68 of the 90 voting districts. The most significant differences between initial and total share of votes showed up for the CSU in Kelheim, where the direct candidate by 4.0 percentage points outperformed his party, as well as in the vocal circles Altötting and Oberpfaffenhofen, each with a 5.1 percentage points lower performances. In the SPD, there were the greatest differences in the yard ( candidate plus 4.0 percentage points to the Party ) and in Mühldorf a.Inn (Candidate 4.8 percentage points lower). The only voting district in which the difference between first and second votes decision actually had an impact on the acquisition of direct mandate was Munich -Schwabing: Had the SPD direct candidate Isabell Zacharias here at their first votes the better by 3.3 percentage points voting district overall result of their party reached, the direct mandate would have gone to them instead of to the CSU candidate, Minister of Culture Ludwig Spaenle.

After share of total votes obtained the smaller parties that failed nationwide at the five-percent hurdle in the following voting districts their respective best single result: FDP in Starnberg ( 9.1 % in six other voting districts over five percent ), left in Nuremberg North (4.9%), ODP in Rottal -Inn (4.7%), Republicans in Erding (2.9%), Bavaria Party in market Oberdorf ( 6.9 % in another voting district about five percent), NPD in pastures, Bamberg - country and Deggendorf ( both 1.9 %), pirates in Nuremberg and Nuremberg - North -West ( each 3.3%), BüSo in Altötting (0.3%), freedom in Munich- Grosshadern ( 0.5 %), The Franks in the yard ( 4.3%) and women list in Donau-Ries ( 3.7%).

Constituency results and list of mandates

Through the two-stage process in the allocation of list seats and the independent consideration of each of the seven constituencies, the total number of votes that were needed for the individual mandate success, depending on the list and government district vary greatly: the lowest level sufficient for mandate total votes cast were 11,570 votes ( Gabi Schmidt on the constituency list of Middle Franconia of the Free Voters ). Thus attracted 54 candidates from CSU, SPD, Greens outdoors voters or not in the state legislature, even though they had achieved more total votes at bayern and further cross-list viewing as this successful candidate. The strongest candidate to vote without a mandate success had scored 32,033 total votes ( Michael Hohl on the constituency list the CSU Upper Franconia ).

Since the total number of votes of the candidate about his placement in the list of internal ranking judges have pure list candidates in the Bavarian electoral system a significant disadvantage because they are selectable as a direct candidate in any voting district and thus only can get second votes. Spite of this, 19 candidates list of CSU, SPD, Greens or outdoors voters to exceed only by the cast in their second votes to total votes of at least one vocal constituency candidate the same list.

Successfully achieved this prominent list of leaders who gave up a voting district candidacy ( SPD's top candidate, Christian Ude, Parliament President Barbara strain) or had to do without ( Europe Minister Emilia Müller), but also the Green Party candidate Sepp Dürr, who alone by his second votes total votes of 26 voting district candidates surpassed his list and thus again won one of the seven green mandates in the constituency of Upper Bavaria. In contrast, in a similar situation failed the re-entry of former Freising district administrator and Free Voter deputies Manfred Pointner in the Diet: He reached with 10,744 votes while the third best second votes result of his list, surpassing the total number of votes of 23 of the 30 voting constituency candidate of his party for one of the five but the Upper Bavarian list mandates lacked approximately 1850 votes. Nationally and across all parties in the election reached 13 voting loose circle candidates a list of the 90 seats.

In the Bavarian electoral system, the second vote may be cast personalized, each selectable by a second vote candidates - up to 59 per list - was therefore listed with its own voice box. Unlike local elections but no additional voting fields are provided to a non-personalized " party vote " to forgive in the absence of persons preference on the ballot. A mark of the party in the list header but counted as a valid vote and is included in the calculation of the number of seats. Throughout Bavaria and on the lists of four successful parties across renounced 1.09 percent of voters ( about 55,000 the second vote) in this way on a personalization. Extreme values ​​showed here the CSU constituency list of Lower Franconia (0.58 % non-personalized second vote) and the list of Free Voters in Upper Bavaria ( 2.33% non-personalized ).

The list of leaders, so the candidates listed at No. 1 a constituency list and most prominent, achieved over their competitors list a significantly increased number of second votes and attracted an average of all constituencies and successful lists around 45% of the second votes to be. As maximum values ​​accounted for 84% of the Christian Ude for all SPD - list candidates awarded in Oberbayern second votes to Horst Seehofer 67% of there contracts awarded for the CSU second votes. Barbara tribe moved in Lower Franconia, 64% of CSU - second cast, Hubert Aiwanger in Lower Bavaria, 49% of Free Voter second votes. Significantly below average was this contrast scorekeepers effect in the Free Voters List in Upper Bavaria (Eva Gottstein with 17% attributable to their list of second votes ) and the Green Party list in Lower Bavaria ( Rosi Steinberger with 16%). In four constituency lists ( Interior Minister Joachim Herrmann at the CSU in Middle Franconia, Johanna Werner Muggendorfer the SPD in Lower Bavaria, Bernhard Pohl and Peter Meyer in the liberal voters in Swabia and Upper Franconia ) the placed at rank 1 candidate received only the second- most list votes, however, these candidates still attracted 19 to 29 percent of the second votes.

Case of early termination of a deputy 's mandate is - regardless of whether it was a list box or circle or vocal mandate - subsequently filled by the next highest scoring candidate of his constituency list; in the previous 16 election period, this occurred in eight cases. In seven constituencies and four parties represented in Parliament, there are thus 28 " first substitutes ". The voices difference that decided the choice between mandate success and substitutes status, in some cases was very low: So Manfred Losinger missing on the CSU constituency list Swabia with 20,875 total votes only 185 votes to take his internal party rivals Eric Beißwenger to win the last list mandate. The old green member of parliament and parliamentary chairman Martin Runge missing in Upper Bavaria towards his Listenkonkurrentin Katharina Schulze 191 votes, for a further term success. Also in Upper Bavaria the CSU candidate Markus Fröschl lay with 11618 votes to 238 votes behind Martin Huber back. In contrast, in the same constituency failed the SPD candidate and Muhldorfer mayor Günther garlic initially also scarce ( 16399 total votes, 265 votes residue to Doris Rauscher ), but is represented in the new parliament because scorekeepers Christian Ude not accepted his mandate.

• Among the candidates that attracted particular attention in the choice to be among the music producer and Grand Prix winner Leslie Mandoki, who competed for the CSU on the constituency list of Upper Bavaria. He reached 7287 second votes, thus remaining six rank positions from a list mandate away.
• The pop singer and former Free Voter deputies Ute Singer, on the chien " called Claudia Jung" on the ballots in the constituency of Lower Bavaria, with the addition of the re-entry into the state parliament failed. She reached seventh place in the contracts to be five list seats.
• The oldest successful candidate - and thus also the interim president at the inaugural session of the 17th Bavarian Parliament - was again the 1938-born Peter Paul Gantzer ( SPD constituency list Oberbayern). The two most recent successful applicants were born in or after 1985 with Katharina Schulze ( Green, Upper Bavaria ) and Judith Gerlach (CSU, Lower Franconia ).

Referenda

All changes were accepted by more than 2/ 3 of the votes.