Beloniformes

The Halfbeak Hyporhamphus unifasciatus and the Flying Fish Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus

The Garfish -like ( Beloniformes ) are an order of genuine bony fish ( Teleostei ). Most species live in the sea. In the tropics and subtropics, they are the dominant group of fish of the epipelagial. Nearly 100 species, especially in Southeast Asia, live in both fresh water and brackish water. Even as there are fish in the water surface. All garfish live -like carnivore of smaller fish, planktonic crustaceans and insects.

The Beloniformes are the sister group of the Zahnkärpflinge ( Cyprinodontiformes ). Fossils of early representatives of this order were found in layers of the middle Eocene, a time 45 million years ago.

Features

The Garfish -like are slim, often greatly elongated fish with an oval to round body diameter. They are between two inches and 55 (eg Tylosurus crocodilus ) long. The upper jaw is rigid and not vorstreckbar ( protaktil ). The Interarcual Cartilage, a connection between the Epibranchiale (the second bone from the top) of the first branchial arch and the Infrapharyngobranchiale the second branchial arch is small or missing. The Epibranchialen the second and third branchial arch are small. The Interhyale, a skull bone is missing. The lower lobe of the caudal fin has more fin rays than the upper.

System

There are a total of 36 genera and 265 species. In the classical system, the Garfish -like into two suborders, two superfamilies and five families are divided.

  • Adrianichthyoidei Rice fish ( Adrianichthyidae )
  • Exocoetoidea Flying fish ( Exocoetidae )
  • Halfbeak ( Hemiramphidae )

A phylogenetic study of 2004 rejects the monophyly of Hemirhamphidae and Belonidae. The Hemirhamphidae be divided into three clades. The first, with the genera Euleptorhamphus, Hemiramphus and Oxyporhamphus is the sister group of the Exocoetidae. The second Halbschnäblerklade with the genera Arrhamphus and Hyporhamphus is the sister group of a clade from Belonidae and Zenarchopteridae. The Zenarchopteridae, previously run as a subfamily of Halfbeak, gain family status and are the sister group of the Belonidae. The Scomberesocidae whose monophyly has been confirmed, are part of the " Belonidae ".

Rice fish ( Adrianichthyidae )

Flying fish ( Exocoetidae )

Halfbeak ( Euleptorhamphus, Hemiramphus, Oxyporhamphus )

Halfbeak ( Arrhamphus, Hyporhamphus )

Halfbeak ( Zenarchopteridae )

Garfish ( Belonidae ), including saury ( Scomberesocidae )

Acanthomorpha Joseph S. Nelson FishBase
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