Berlin outer ring
As Berlin outer ring (BAR ) is called the 125 km long, is the former West Berlin extending outer rail ring, a two-track, electrified main line. It was built by the GDR economic, transport policy and strategic reasons, 1951-1961, including some of the older sections (goods outer ring, Ring line ) and allowed the bypass of the territory of West Berlin. Without the completion of the outer ring road it would have been technically impossible to build the Berlin Wall, with the area of Berlin ( West) was sealed off. A corresponding road project was the expressway Potsdam -Schönefeld.
The term outer ring is the equivalent of lying in the heart of the city of Berlin ring road.
- 3.1 Saarmund - calibration frame
- 3.2 calibration frame - Biesdorfer Cross
- 3.3 Biesdorfer Cross - Cross Karower
- 3.4 Karower Cross - Priort
- 3.5 Priort - Golm
- 3.6 Golm - Saar mouth
Course
The outer ring is 125 km long and has a diameter of about 40 kilometers. It is located in the states of Brandenburg and Berlin, being in Berlin by driving only the eastern part. This is partly due to the function of the distance as a bypass of West Berlin, but on the other hand grips also plans from the 1920s on. He is consistently double-tracked and electrified. Between Glasower dam at the junction with the Dresden railway and the railway station Berlin- Schönefeld airport it was expanded to four tracks until after 2005. On some sections in and near Berlin S-Bahn lines run on the route. The outer ring crosses all of Berlin radial railway lines and with almost all of them linked by crossovers.
History
Prehistory
Early as the late 19th century, there was a desire of the military that connect Berlin radiate leaving railway lines. For freight transport, such a project was interesting. 1902, the Magdeburg train, the Lehrter and the Hamburg railway between wildlife park were (today Potsdam Park Sanssouci ) via Wustermark and Nauen with the bypass path. In the following years the track in a slightly larger distance from Berlin to Jiiterbog on the Anhalt railway and Oranienburg near the northern railway was extended. In the 1920s, the marshalling yard Seddin at the Wetzlar train and subsequently created a connection through Saar mouth to Great berries on the Anhalt railway. Early 1930s was a continuation of this compound to the east over Schönefeld planned until after Wuhlheide, which should have about the course of today's outer ring. During the Nazi period the goods outer ring was built, which, although only temporary, since 1940/41, Teltow Joined at the Anhalt line via Schönefeld through the eastern part of Berlin with Berlin -Karow at the Szczecin railway. Compared to the previous plans and today's outer ring he ran south of Berlin much closer to the city limits.
With the emerging after the Second World War division of Germany and Berlin, the Soviet occupation and later the East German government needed an efficient bypass of West Berlin. The first measures were the construction of compound curves to bypass railway or road freight outer ring between Werder and Golm in 1948 and from the Görlitz line in Berlin- Grunau north. In 1950, a connection from Berlin- Karow to Basdorf at the Heidekrautbahn and further from Wensickendorf to North train to Oranienburg.
Construction of the outer ring
Construction on Berlin's southern outer ring began on 1 November 1950. Initially, the section was tackled, the east joined in Genshagener heath to the existing route of the bypass path. Between July and December 1951 went into several sections, the distance between Genshagener Heath and the Heath branch turning south-east of Berlin in operation, were added several compound curves. North of turning Heath was used initially the goods outer ring. Birkenwerder - On November 22, 1952, the opening of the section from the goods outer ring today Karower cross and mountain field and the connecting curve branch Bergfelde was. The next steps were the opening of the connecting curve branch Karow West - Berlin- Blankenburg (1953), the marshalling yard Wuhlheide (1 October 1953) and at the same time of the section Bergfelde - Falk Hagen - Brieselang first single track. It was followed by 1953/55, the connecting curve branch Karow West - Branch Karow Nord, the doubling of the former shunting path between Saar mouth and Genshagener Heath, the connecting curves branch Hennig village ( West) - Hennigsdorf, Hennigsdorf East - Hennigsdorf, Hohen Neuendorf West - Birkenwerder and by Falk Hagen to Finkenkrug and Brieselang. On 2 October 1955, the stretch Falk Hagen were - Branch Wustermark and compound curves to Wustermark marshalling yard and Wustermark opened. On 11 December 1955, the opening of the section branch Wustermark found - Branch Elstal place, and the so-called Ring line was the section Golm - integrated Elstal.
The last missing piece was an ambitious section between Saar mouth and Golm crossing of Lake Templin. That particular purpose, a construction camp ( SAGO ) was established near Wilhelmshorst, which was re-used for the end of the construction of the border troops of the GDR until 1990. On September 30, 1956, he could as well as the connecting curve Potsdam Süd - Werder be opened to traffic. Thus, the ring was closed. This was followed by the connecting curves Nesselgrund East - Wilhelmshorst and Golm - Wildlife Park (28 September 1957), Genshagener Heide - Birkengrund (Northwest curve 1 June 1958), Werder ( Havel ) - Golm (6 February 1959) and finally Glasower dam - Blank field (southwest corner, May 25, 1961).
In 1958 passenger trains were included on the outer ring in the S -Bahn fare from Berlin. Following the first Soviet satellite, they were popularly called "Sputnik ", as it were, they were moving on a circular path around West Berlin.
Further development
On 13 August 1961 the borders of the GDR to West Berlin were closed with the construction of the Wall. Thus, the construction of a new S- Bahn connection between Berlin- Blankenburg and Hohen Neuendorf the direction of Oranienburg was necessary. 1962 separate S- Bahn tracks were taken between this Schönfließ and mountain field in operation ( in the remaining portion, S -Bahn and mainline shared the tracks) and branches of Bergfelde / Bergfelde East - Birkenwerder created. Also in 1962 was an S- Bahn line from the airport Adlershof Berlin -Schönefeld railway station in operation, and this was also released for long-distance trains for public travel. Previously, he served only as a control station.
In the same year may complete buildings were in the area branch Hasselberg - Briese long, and it was the electrification of the section Hennigsdorf - Wustermark marshalling yard tentatively made with " industrial power " 25,000 V/50 Hz. Purpose was to test the in Hennig village built by LEW locomotives of the series E 251. In 1973, the catenary was removed again. Individual towers have been preserved and re-used in 1983.
On April 16, 1982, a switchboard of type II GS Sp 64b at the tap point Glasower dam ( service station Mahlow ) was completed. At the same time Glasower Dam East and South Glasower dam (blank field ) was taken a second track in operation between the branch points.
Heath / Genshagener Heide Ost Me village and curves Genshagener - - Ludwig field and the stretch Priort - 1982 was the stretch Saar mouth - Glasower dam ( - Blank field ), including the link Saar Saar mouth mouth electrified. 1983 was followed by the sections Wustermark / Wustermark marshalling yard - Priort, airport Berlin- Schönefeld - Gruenauer Cross, branch birch Werder - Branch Wustermark South as well as the connecting curves Golm / branch Wild Park West - Werder, branch Wustermark North - Wustermark-Rangierbahnhof/Wustermark and Falkenhagener so-called Cross.
On May 17, 1983, the third - on 26 September 1986, the fourth track - taken between branch Glasower dam and airport Berlin- Schönefeld in operation. Between the Karower Cross and Schönfließ two separate tracks were taken for the S -Bahn into operation on September 2nd, 1984 due to the impending electrification of remote tracks.
As a result of the decline in freight traffic after the fall of the Berlin Wuhlheide marshalling yard on 10 June 1994 was decommissioned and later completely demolished.
With the opening of the north-south mainline with the Tiergarten tunnel in Berlin on 28 May 2006, although the Anhalt Railway to the south was reopened, but not the Dresden railway. Trains to Dresden run since between the Genshagener Cross and Glasower dam across the outer ring. For this purpose had a connecting curve from Berlin Teltow and build from scratch in the first unthread the southwest in the long curve.
As part of the western rail link to the airport Berlin Brandenburg early 2008, the third and fourth main track between branch Glasower dam east and the railway station Berlin- Schönefeld airport were taken out of service. From Schönefeld the route of the new S -Bahn to the airport is up to the level Waßmannsdorf on the subgrade of these tracks. There, the train leaves the BAR and via a semi-circular arc to the mainline tracks. This thread east of Glasower dam level freely in the new branch Selchow by the SFA in the east direction. S- and long-distance train reach then parallel from the west to the airport train station. A total of 15 kilometers of lines for long-distance and regional traffic and eight kilometers for the S -Bahn to be rebuilt. Both routes should be available for the opening of the airport are available. The management of the airport shuttles from Berlin Central initially will not occur over the shorter of the Dresden train, but on the Anhalt line and the outer ring there.
The timetable change on December 9, 2012 Genshagener Heide station was abandoned in passenger and taken as a substitute of two kilometers further west, new breakpoint Ludwigsfelde - Struveshof with two 140-meter- long side platforms in operation. By early 2013, the breakpoint is to be completed by a pedestrian bridge and a P R parking. Overall, this 3.9 million euro will be invested.
Non- realized projects
The end of the 1980s, planned and partially begun four-tracked expansion of the section of Berlin- Schönefeld Airport - Gruenauer cross was reinstated during construction. By changing traffic flows existed since 1990 no longer a need for this project.
While connecting curves were constructed at almost all intersections with other roads, but not always in all directions. Especially in the direction of Berlin there are gaps, especially where the routes at that time ended at the border with West Berlin. Was not implemented, among others, a connection from the direction of town heading north on the Cross Wuhlheide. The course should first feed out towards the southeast and then cross the Frankfurt route. The dam and bridge abutments were built and are still visible today. In Hennig village north there are remnants of the route never finished connecting curves towards Velten.
Occasionally, in recent years in connection with the combination of Potsdam to Berlin Brandenburg Airport in Schönefeld ( BBI earlier than known) discussed the construction of compound curves from Potsdam towards Schönefeld at the cross or at Werder Bergholz. Concrete projects does not yet exist.
In GDR times, the construction of new large housing estates in the north of Berlin was planned. In this context, the construction of new S -Bahn stations between Karower cross and mill -Mönchmühle at Buchholz West and Arkenberge was provided. The contours of the platforms can still be seen today.
Also, the route for an extension of the S -Bahn von Wartenberg was prepared to sell home bridge. This section was included in the plans with an extension to the planned station Karower cross long, until 2006, the work on this project were set.
Further projects include an extension of an S- Bahn line between Biesdorfer and Gruenauer Cross and the construction of the station Bürknersfelde between Springpfuhl and Gehrenseestraße just north of the bridge before the Landsberger Allee. These projects are, however, made primarily dependent upon the financial position of the State of Berlin, so that their implementation is not currently on the agenda.
Route and equipment
The outer ring is from Saar mouth over Genshagener Heide - Schönefeld Airport - Gruenauer Cross - Wuhlheide - Biesdorfer Cross - Schönfließ - Falk Hagen - Golm - Potsdam Pirschheide after Saar mouth.
Internally, the outer ring, partly due to the architectural history, divided into six sections that have their own route numbers and are kilometriert separately.
- Saar mouth - calibration frame
- Calibration frame - Biesdorfer Cross
- Biesdorfer Cross - Cross Karower
- Karower Cross - Priort
- Priort - Golm
- Golm - Saar mouth.
For the third and fourth track between Glasower dam and Schönefeld and a total of four fully or partially extending to the outer ring S-Bahn routes own route numbers were assigned.
With the exception of Heidekrautbahn and branch path Schoeneweide -spindle box connecting curves were constructed for all the ring intersecting routes. The respective nodes have been expanded to varying degrees. On Holy Cross Auer is crossing-free Ausfädelungen found in almost all directions, according to extensive fall out of the track systems. Similarly, the Biesdorfer cross whose facilities extend over several kilometers and partially in the region Genshagener Heath. Other nodes, especially in the northern and western part of the ring, were simply executed. Some of these intersections emerged linking stations for passenger transport. The stations Bergholz ( b Potsdam) and the former Potsdam Hauptbahnhof (now P- Pirschheide ) in the southwest and north Hennig village in the north were carried out as a tower and train station are now closed. Important transfer stations that are not located directly on a route crossing, were Falk Hagen ( b Nauen ) and airport Berlin- Schönefeld. Mainly the outer ring for long-distance and freight traffic and the transport was designed west of the towns of Berlin to East Berlin. As such, the number of stations for passenger services mainly in the East Berlin area is relatively low.
Saar mouth - calibration frame
Between Saar mouth and Genshagener Heath, the outer ring uses the route of the 1926 opened stretch of the bypass path of Mich village to Great berries. Accordingly, the chainage of this section begins in me village; the Saar mouth station is located at kilometer 7.2. The subsequent section in the direction of Schönefeld is the first after 1950 newly built section of the outer ring. Ludwigsfelde and Glasower Dam East - - On July 8, 1951, the section between Genshagener Heath and Schönefeld and the connecting curves Genshagener Heide Ost was taken Blankenfelde in operation. This was followed by the section Schönefeld - Gruenauer Cross on August 12, and the extension to turn Heath on 2 December of the same year.
The station consists of two continuous main tracks without and two outdoor tracks with platform, which are connected via a pedestrian bridge (popularly called gallows ). This design is available on several outer ring stations again. West of the station unite the outer ring from the direction Golm and also double-track railway from me earlier bypass the village. This route connects the outer ring with the important marshalling yard Seddin.
Ahrens village is a former railway station operation, which was served around 1960 for a few years in passenger transport.
Struveshof is a new breakpoint, which opens up the Ludwigsfelde as a substitute for the unfavorable railway station Genshagener heath since December 2012.
The design of the former passenger station Genshagener Heath corresponds to the Saar mouth. In the area of the railway station, the outer ring crosses the Anhalt line. A crossing-free unloading, for traffic in the direction of Halle / Leipzig is about the so-called swine ear - also known as Kramer curve - possible a loop north of the outer ring and west of the Anhalt line. The connection from the pickup train from Berlin to the outer ring to the east of the Kramer curve was only in the year 2006.
Diedersdorf is a four-track operation station, which despite its proximity to the same place never had passenger.
Here is the junction with the Dresden railway. Same level feeders ( Abzw Glasower dam west and east) arose from the outer ring out from both Dresden railway just to the south. The section east of Glasower dam to the airport Berlin Schönefeld station was expanded to four tracks in GDR times, one of the frequentiersten routes of Deutsche Reichsbahn and was. The two southern tracks were removed for the construction of the route to the Berlin- Brandenburg airport.
On Abzw Selchow there since 2011, a grade separated unloading, from the outer ring from the west to the new airport. Further east, also runs since 2011, the S- Bahn from the airport to the city on the subgrade of the outer ring.
Originally built as a pure control station for trains to Berlin, he was an important transfer point in the long-distance transport since the early 1960s. This was considered by all long-distance trains of ( East) Berlin in the south and west. After 1990 he gradually lost its importance in the long-distance traffic, with the commissioning of the new airport - in October 2013 is not fixed yet the appointment - the regional traffic will be shifted to the new airport Berlin Brandenburg Station. S- Bahn station will remain, however the station.
Here, the outer ring crosses the Görlitz line. It resulted in a considerable level of free Ausfädelungen in all directions.
On Abzw turning Heath opens a railway from Berlin Schoeneweide station in the outer ring.
Calibration frame is an operating station, where the same level branches connect to the Berlin metropolitan railway.
Calibration frame - Biesdorfer Cross
This stretch was expanded to double track until the 1960s, in large parts, until then was largely the track of the provisional goods outer ring used. Correspondingly, the line kilometering oriented to the goods of the outer ring. The zero point of the chainage is located in Teltow station, the operating station calibration frame as the beginning of today's route is at km 25.0.
The ring was originally created to drive around West Berlin, and therefore runs in the north, west and south of the city through sparsely populated areas beyond the city limits. In contrast, the eastern part of Berlin is traversed, wherein between Gruenauer and Karower cross the track approximately the route of the former freight outer ring follows. The former rail yard Wuhlheide has been dismantled.
Biesdorfer Cross - Cross Karower
North of the Biesdorfer Cross is the freight station Berlin -East, which is connected via separate supply routes. On the ring line runs on this section by the plate areas Marzahn and Hohenschonhausen an S- Bahn line ( as between Karower cross and mountain zoo in the north of Berlin ). In Hohenschonhausen there is a first retrofitted stop for regional trains, the only regional station on the outer ring on the Berlin area.
Karower Cross - Priort
On the east branch Karow chainage starts again.
West of Hennig village follows the route of approximately in the 1940s planned for the Berliner Ring motorway route that would run more towards the south until 1979 finished highway.
The two stations should be S -Bahn after the construction of new residential areas in the north of Berlin in the 1980s. These residential areas, and thus the corresponding stations were never built; However, the Bahnsteigrohbauten are still recognizable.
The name Arkenberge also carries a control center over between a two-pronged and a single-track section of the S -Bahn to the east of the S -Bahn station mill -Mönchmühle.
The breakpoint on a single-track section of the S -Bahn went into operation in 1984. It consists of an outer platform in the elevated position. West of the breakpoint crosses under the tracks of the Heidekrautbahn the outer ring.
Priort - Golm
South of the crosses with the burger and Lehrter follows the ring to Golm the route of the former railway bypass. She uses their kilometer. While otherwise the outer ring is continuous kilometriert counterclockwise, it passes on that section in the opposite direction. The branch to the Lehrter located at kilometer 77.9, the Golm station at kilometer 62.7. Zero point of the chainage is the Jiiterbog station.
Station building from the early 20th century can still be found in Priort and Satzkorn.
Golm - Saar mouth
In Golm the chainage of this section will start at 0.0. The remains of the station Potsdam Pirschheide are located in the forest. The upper part of the outer ring is now free range, only the two crossing tracks are still in operation; shut down the formerly four platform tracks, however, and walled up the platform accesses. Only the lower part of the station on the ring rail is still used.
The most spectacular part of the course is the crossing of Lake Templin east of Potsdam Pirschheide on a dam. In Saar mouth opens a connection of Mich village through which the ring is connected to the major rail yard in Seddin.