Berm

A berm is a horizontal piece or a paragraph in the embankment of a dam, a Walls, a pit or on a slope. They divided the batter into two or more sections. A berm is intended to reduce the earth pressure on the foot of the slope. A slope with a steep slope and berms is was safer than a continuous slope without berms. A slope failure is avoided.

Description

Berms can be used as a walking stick or infrastructure on both sides of the dam, because from there you can be kept in better condition a dam. Furthermore, lines and cables can be routed there.

In sloped pits a berm serves to collect nachrutschendes material. You have to be applied from about 3.00 m depth grave. The design is specified in DIN 4124. According to the German accident prevention regulations berms must be at least 0.60 m wide for walking; Berms to collect abrutschender parts even at least 1.50 m.

The expression berm there in hydraulic engineering, earthwork, dike construction, mining, archeology and in the fortress.

In medieval fortress berm designated a level piece of ground between the city walls, castle wall or fortress wall or a parapet and an upstream ditch. The berm should absorb the pressure of the wall, thus relieving the inner often steep embankment and the area of ​​the inner wall lining grave / Eskarpemauer to avoid static collapse of the inner grave embankment. The crash of Wall parts by bombardment with mortars and cannons Bliden or later prevented the existence of a berm for the most part, that the broken good auffüllte the ditch.

Forest or forest berms in the Oldenburg region

A national cultural and historical specificity represent the so-called forest or forest - berms to former heads of state highways in the Oldenburg region dar. It is longitudinally located roads, on average 30 meter wide strip of land, which are often planted on a long haul with forest. Such berms are found mainly on the Geest in the South Oldenburg. The berms created between 1820 bis 1850/1860 following the expansion of the old Oldenburg state roads. These formative elements of the landscape are considered historically important and therefore worth preserving.

Known as 2008 that the Government of Lower Saxony, the Forstbermen transferred under Christian Wulff as "surplus " land in the special fund "State Property Fund of Lower Saxony " and sold since 2005, so violent resistance suggested against it. By mid-2008 the state property fund had already sold 278,000 square feet of berms for 257,000 euros. The nature and heritage protectors Eilert Tantzen then made ​​representations to Economy and Transport Minister Walter Hirche, reaching an immediate halt to the action.

Norms and Standards

• DIN 4124 - Excavations and trenches - Slopes, planking breadths of working spaces
• Additional technical terms of contract and guidelines for earthworks in road construction ( ZTVE -StB 94)