Bermuda rig

As a high- rigging or Hochrigg a Takelungsart is referred to, are used in the main sail exclusively triangular sail high. It is usual with modern sailing boats and sailing yachts and is also known as Bermuda rig.

Historical predecessors are the lateen sail and the gaff rigging. While with them the ship's mast and the sail area were mostly divided into smaller sections for structural reasons, hochgetakelte ships possess continuous with towering masts and undivided sailing. High sails are no longer supported by rods or gaffs, but with their luff to the mast struck ( attached ).

Development

Marconi rig

In yachting, the transition from the gaff rigging was taken in particular from Steilgaffelrigg, to high rigging at the beginning of the 20th century. The Briton Charles E. Nicholson successfully tested in 1912 on the yacht Istria a continuous, undivided mast structure to the above the gaff sail a still existing topsail directly, was posted without further spar. Its high Marconi rig was named after the telegraph poles of the Marconi Society.

Bermuda rig

Replaced in 1919 by the American yacht builders Herreshoff the topsail completely by a continuous mainsail. This rigging was called Bermuda rig or - rigging by the Bermuda Islands, where she served as light wind rigging had been a long time in use on fishing and pleasure boats later.

Development

The Norwegian Johan Anker eventually replaced the then standard in the regatta of 12 mR yachts Cutter rigged with split Vorsegelfläche by the Sluptakelung with a single headsail after he had this recognized as powerful. Further development thrusts received the high rigging by the experiments and research results about Manfred Curry and Uffa Fox, at the end of the battens with aerodynamically profiled main sail and the mast were overlapping genoa.

The triumph of high rigging, already hinted at the beginning of the 20th century in the regatta, but needed a few decades to the present dominance. After the construction of commercially operated cargo sailing ships had already come to a halt, the further development of boat and sailing technique was left to the yacht building. Interrupted by two world wars and global economic crises, but also stagnated this over longer periods and in addition to Bermuda sloops remained gaffel and kuttergetakelte leisure and racing yachts successful boat types.

Not least, it required the development of new materials and production techniques, to the concept hochgetakelter sloops in the modern series production prevailed completely. " Resilient and in industrial processes more useful materials, such as formverleimtes wood, fiberglass, new light metal alloys and steels, together with the associated welding process [ ... ], light metal for masts and spars, stainless steel wire and even steel rails for the standing rigging, dacron for sails and cordage, all things, not only increase the resilience of the boats, but also facilitate care much. "

Comparison of the high rigging with the framework and the gaff rigging

Opposite the Rahtakelung the high rigging has the typical advantages of Schratsegeln. With them, a smaller angle to the apparent wind can be achieved, which gives a better cross Sailboat properties.

Even compared to gaff rigged with an equally large gaff sails (also a fore- ) provides a high sail advantages. For the better sailing performance is mainly responsible that the high sail rises higher than the gaff sail. Since forming on every sailing, especially in the lower and upper range air turbulence, especially the middle part of a sail is effective; this middle part is larger than in the same large gaff sail during high sail.

At the same time because a fore- under the wind load with increasing distance from the mast to twist the more streamlined shape of the high sail is cheaper, ( twisted ) and loses its optimum shape. In addition, the high sail ranges into higher layers of the atmosphere, where winds are usually stronger because they are not as strongly decelerated from impact with the water surface. These advantages of the high sail only be partially offset if a gaff topsail is set on a ship gaffelgetakelten; since the topsail not seamlessly connects to the gaff sail, caused unfavorable turbulence here. Although the advantages of the high sail lead to increased material stress, but this is offset by the use of modern materials.

The gaff also leads to a higher weight high on the mast, which must be compensated by increased ballast.

In addition, a high sail is easier to set and obtain as a gaff sail. It eliminates the need to be lifted weight of the gaff. In addition, the train is only at a point on ( the head). In a Gaffelsegel however, two points ( Klau and Piek ) shall be operable. When additional setting a gaff sail Topp, the workload continues to increase.

As an advantage of the gaff sail can nevertheless be considered that with the same sail area, a lower mast is required. If gaff topsail are set, the highest point ( "head" ) is not usually attached to a continuous mast, but at a topmast. Especially for wooden sailing ships, high masts harder to obtain and / or more expensive. However, modern materials also allow relatively easy fabrication of high masts.