Bierutów
Bierutów [b ʲ ɛrutuf ] ( German Bernstadt at pasture or Bernstadt in Schlesien ) is a town in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It lies on the pasture between the respective 14 km distant cities Oleśnica (Oels ) and Namyslów ( Namslau ). Bierutów has about 5,000 inhabitants and is the capital of an urban and rural community in which more than 10,000 people.
- 6.1 External links
- 6.2 footnotes
History
The first documentary mention of the city dates from 1266. Earlier, Duke Henry III. , the city Fürstenwald built from Wroclaw at this point where the important trade route from Wroclaw to Krakow castle cross crossed the pasture and previously occupied by the Slavic Village Ligniza by Frankish law. Fürstenwald got 1266 miles right and the precincts of law, which included 20 surrounding villages. The name Fürstenwald was changed already in 1269 and it civitas Beroldi eventually developed over the name forms Beroldestat ( 1288) and Pernstatt ( 1495 ) the name Bern city that received the addition of the pasture to distinguish it from the same places. The Polish name is a variant of German. 1412/13 the area of Bern city of the Duchy of Oels was spun, it was as a duchy Bern city residence of several dukes.
Bern city received a regular town, the center of which formed a square ring. After Breslau, Namslau and led Brieg provided by three gates streets of the city. To 1323 developed in the eastern city a castle of the Dukes of oil which its foundation Konrad I is attributed. 1337 was the construction of the Gothic brick church and the town hall. 1430 Hussites plundered the city of Bern.
After the extinction of the Dukes of Oels Bernstadt was from 1492 onwards part of the Duchy of Münsterberg. Between 1511 and 1515 the city of Wroclaw Bern city received as a pledge to the open call to the Munster Berger dukes. After the death of Duke Charles I in 1536, his sons Joachim, Henry II and Johann Georg II ruled until 1542 first together. Then got Henry II Bernstadt, he chose as his residence. He left in 1543 to rebuild and expand the castle into a castle. During his rule, which lasted until his death in 1548, saw the introduction of the Reformation and the establishment of a prince school. At this time Bernstadt was an economically thriving city that was dominated next to artisans and traders mainly by the Tuchmacherzunft.
Henry son of the same Henry III. sold Bernstadt 1574 went to the noble family of shingle and the Duchy. 1603 destroyed a town fire, the survived only six houses, Bernstadt completely. Henry's brother Charles II acquired the ruined city in 1604 by the shingle back and set up the duchy again. During the Thirty Years' War, the city was several times occupied by Imperial, Saxon and Swedish troops.
1659 burned Bernstadt down again. The reconstruction took a long time and until 1680 the town hall and St. Catherine's Church arose again. After the death of Duke Charles of Julius Castle, the castle was abandoned in 1745 as a residence and left to decay. Also, the city in which 140 houses had the right to brew beer, thereby lost its importance. 1787 had Bernstadt 1963 inhabitants.
During the 19th century suburbs were created, and by the road, the city gates were removed as obstacles to leading by Bern city traffic in 1827 and 1887. 1868, the rail link from Wroclaw on Oels was inaugurated by Cross Castle and Bern city received a railway station. Despite the rail link only little industry settled in Bern city and built in 1883 sugar mill was the largest company in the city. As of 1887 the reconstruction and rebuilding of the castle after Bern city had become a part of the former Duchy of Oels to the throne fief of the Crown Prince of Prussia.
1939 4,858 people lived in the city in the district of oil. During the heavy fighting in Lower Silesia Bern city was destroyed in January 1945 in half. After the Second World War, the city came as Bierutów to Poland.
Bierutów in one or two town festivals are held in conjunction with the accompanying villages every year. Both in the Bernstadt schools as well as in the surrounding educational institutions will today re taught the German language, which is also well accepted by the young population.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the town
- Andreas Acoluthus (1654-1704), German Orientalist and linguist
- David Behme (1605-1657), Protestant pastor and hymn writer
- Louise Elisabeth of Württemberg- Oels (1673-1736), by marriage Duchess of Saxe- Merseburg
- Josef Block (1863-1943), German painter
- Horace Meyer Kallen (1882-1974), American philosopher
- Ludwig Meidner (1884-1966), German Expressionist painter, graphic artist and poet
- Benjamin Schwarz ( b. 1937 ), German Translator
Worked in the city
- Matthew Apelles of Löwenstern (1594-1648), German poet and composer worked from 1625 as a ducal bailiff, choral music director and head of high school
Attractions
- Parish Church of St. Catherine, built in 1337, rebuilt in 1680 and restored after 1990
- Former residential palace, get are the Renaissance Tower and the baroque portal of the castle wall, on the site of a museum was built
- Town Hall Tower, 2004 Tower restored the destroyed city hall. It stands as a reminder in the center of the township, and received a remote controlled clock with a running clock by 12 piece of music.
Community
For urban and rural community 16 Soltysships Gorzesław include ( Korschlitz ) Jemielna ( Gimmel ), Karwiniec ( Langenhof ) Kijowice ( birdsong ), Kruszowice ( Kunz village), Paczków ( Patschkau ) Posadowice ( Postelwitz ) Radzieszyn ( Ziegelhofstraße ) satok ( Zantoch ) Solniki Małe (small Zöllnig ) Solniki Wielkie ( United Zöllnig ) Stronia ( Stronn ) Strzałkowa ( Schützendorf ) Wabienice ( Wabnitz ) Zawidowice ( Sadewitz ) and Zbytowa ( Vielguth ).
Twinning
Bierutów maintains since May 10, 1997, a partnership with Bern city on the properties in Upper Lusatia.