Bolboschoenus maritimus
Ordinary beach ledges ( Bolboschoenus maritimus )
The Ordinary beach ledges ( Bolboschoenus maritimus, syn. Scirpus maritimus L., Schoenoplectus maritimus L.), also known as beach rush, is a marsh plant with air -filled spaces in the underground organs ( helomorph ). It belongs to the family of the Sedge family ( Cyperaceae ), and was formerly used as many sedges and rush species as weaving material.
Subspecies, varieties and hybrids
There are three subspecies:
- Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. maritimus ( syn. Scirpus maritimus ); occurring worldwide
- Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. affinis ( syn. Scirpus affinis ); Hawaii, North America to northern Argentina
- Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus ( syn. Scirpus paludosus ); Southeast Europe, Russia to Indochina
The subspecies differ in the coloration of glumes and in the fruit shape and color. It is the variety Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. maritimus var cymosus described, which occurs in Europe to the Mediterranean. Furthermore, the Ordinary beach ledges forms with the Eurasian common misunderstood beach bulrush (B. Yagara ) the bastard beach ledges (B. maritimus x Yagara ).
Distribution and location
The beach ledges is disseminated to appropriate locations worldwide. They only thing missing in the Arctic. It is limited to the lowlands up to an altitude of about 600 m. It grows on flooded, mostly salty clay and silt soils of the coasts. Inland, they settled on salt pans, as well as lake and river shores. It occurs partially asset- forming in the siltation zones of salt water and forms species-poor Riede. She is the Kennart the plant community ( association ) of the beach rush- brackish water reeds ( Scirpetum maritimi Tx. 1937).
Description
The deciduous and perennial Ordinary beach ledges reaches stature heights of 30 to 120, sometimes up to 150 centimeters. Your rootstock is creeping. The foothills are thickened bulbous at the top. The stems grow rigidly upright to bent over. You are leafy, sharply triangular and upper forward very rough. The grass -like leaves are arranged spirally. The sheaths of the upper leaves are green, the lower brown to black. The flat leaf blades are gradually narrowed into a long triangular tip. You can reach 2 to 10 millimeters wide. The leaf margin and midrib are above downward rough. Below the inflorescence arise from two to three leaves leaf-like bracts, which usually extend beyond the inflorescence far.
The Ordinary beach ledges blooms from June to August, sometimes into October. The inflorescence is a Spirre and appears capitate due to short side branches. The reddish to blackish and ovate to oblong spikelets are sessile. They are 9-20 mm long, many flowered and are available to one to ten per Spirrenast. The glumes are ovate, bicuspid and wear about a 7 mm long awn in the bulge. Consisting of six to eight perianth bristles ( perianth ) is longer than the fruit. The ovary is upper constant and wearing a dreinarbigen stylus. The fruit, an achene, is about 3 millimeters long, obovate and with a short tip. The fruits of B. maritimus subsp. maritimus are triangular in cross-section and medium to dark brown. The husks are medium to dark brown. The achenes of B. maritimus subsp. paludosus, however, are two-sided curved outward ( biconvex ) and medium brown. His husks are dark brown to straw-colored or almost colorless. The single outward bulging ( plano-convex ) fruits of B. maritimus subsp. affinis are white to yellowish; the husks yellow-brown.