Bottle

A bottle of a lockable container for the transportation and storage of liquids and gases. It consists mostly of glass, plastic or metal.

• 5.1 clay bottle
• 5.2 glass bottle
• 5.3 plastic bottle
• 5.4 Metal Bottle

Etymology

The old Germanic noun ( Middle High German vlasche, Old High German flaska, it also Romanesque fiasco ) is in terms of " braided vessel ", " weave " to the Indo-European family. The bottles formerly produced from wood, clay, tin or sheet were surrounded for protection and easier transportation with braid. Only in recent times referred to " bottle " a glass jar - the wine bottle was still in the 19th century Bouteille. The Low German term for bottle " bottle " is in High German occasionally used (see Buddelschiff ).

Form

Most bottles in proportion to their height a relatively small diameter and a flat bottom. The conically tapered end of a bottle is often referred to as "neck". It ends in a round, closed by means of lid opening.

A distinction is made between wide-mouth and narrow-mouth bottles. For narrow neck bottles, the diameter of the aperture is significantly smaller than the average internal diameter of the storage space; the usual outer diameter of the neck drinks bottles with screw cap is 25 mm.

Shutter

The most common closures for bottles are likely to be different shapes of threads nowadays. Almost all gas cylinders, a large part of the beverage bottles and storage bottles for chemicals and cleaning agents have a screw cap. Especially when reclosure should be possible. Screw caps can be implemented with all materials. Normally, the thread is alone but not tight closure dar. Therefore be always used for this purpose, additional sealing materials.

Only when bottles of bottle caps is common. It is not reclosable, always made ​​of metal and may be placed only onto bottles of a hard material (glass).

In virtually all historic cultures studied, which produced bottles, the clogging of bottles has been customary. For this purpose, different materials were used. The most common were probably beeswax and later cork. The cork has been preserved only in the closure of wine bottles, but also displaces more here and more through the screw and plastic plugs.

A historical shape of the bottle cap is the ball-lock, which is derived from the ground closure. For special requirements, ground glass closures are used. For chemical bottles in particular conical ground closures are used, they have a conical shape. Stopper and bottle fit exactly ( lapped ) with each other and result - if the contact surface is clean - a gas- tight seal.

For gas bottle explosion-proof caps are used as closure, often equipped with a pressure reducing valve.

Use

Beverage bottles

The most common drinks are kept in bottles. The bottle and stopper protects the drink from the intrusion of foreign substances such as bacteria, and against evaporation. Many bottles are made of tinted material to shield the sunlight, especially UV rays.

When bottles are categorized according to the transport requirements between reusable bottles and disposable bottles.

According to the application, there are different requirements by the content of product:

• Beer bottles,
• Wine bottles,
• Bottles for Primasprit or
• Milk bottles, which are now replaced by Tetra Paks or foil tubes.

Medicine bottles and commercial bottles for " nichttrinkbare content" must be distinguished by the shape of bottles as possible already. On the other hand, closures are necessary, which can not be opened by children or their principle requires pausing when opened.

Other Uses

In addition to beverage bottles, there are bottles for detergents, oils, greases and fuels.

In technical applications the gas is often stored in gas cylinders, which are occupied mortgage returnable bottles in the rule. They are used for highly compressed industrial gases, but also for LPG in caravans and for barbecues.

From surveyors bottles were buried like (mainly made ​​of glass ) with the opening down under landmarks and fixed points. These "witnesses" should make its position reconstructed in case of loss of the stone / point. Often such bottles are very old and may be significant as a " witness " for archeology, so they are safe ( can ).

Material

Viking blood

Bottles made ​​of clay are now used only rarely, such as the characteristic container for special spirits. Up to the beginning of the 20th century mineral water was often sold still in so-called seltzer bottles made ​​of stoneware.

Glass bottle

The glass bottle is the common form of container glass and has the appropriate properties such as good product protection and the possibility of recycling. The fracture resistance is increased by optimized shapes. Special glass bottles are at the bottom or on the floor a number plate, from which place and date of manufacture can be seen. Among other things, here is the brand of glass glassworks.

Plastic bottle

If light weight, low cost or a specific chemical resistance play a role is plastic used.

• PET bottles often for drinks,
• PE bottles for ketchup or motor oil or
• PTFE for laboratory bottles.

Metal bottles

At a necessary high pressure or high temperature metal bottles are used, such as for liquid - and gas bottles.

History of bottle

Bottles made ​​of clay, tin, or other materials that could be processed in simple craft processes, were common in early civilizations as utility objects. Finds of early prehistoric bottle-like vessels mainly from excavations in Egypt, East Asia or Central European area of ​​settlement of Germanic tribes. Egyptian members of the royal family were to a large extent with everyday objects that would require the victims on his way to the realm of the dead, including medicine and oils in small bottles, buried. In Germanic graves were also found simple, sealed with beeswax clay bottles containing Met. Although the knowledge of the manufacture of glass was known centuries before Christ, glass bottles were initially due to the extremely complex and expensive manual manufacturing process individual pieces and therefore exclusive and valuable items for higher- privileged members of society. They were used primarily for storage of luxury goods such as oils, essences or perfumes. The glass bottle for beverage storage continued until the late middle ages through, as the technique of glass blowing was more advanced and more efficient production was possible. In the 17th century the Italians had developed the processing of glass already up to the championship. The final triumph of the glass bottle was held in the wake of industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries, has been made possible as a glass processing on a large scale by industrial processes. Since then, manufacturing and recycling processes of glass bottles as well as bottles were continuously optimized in their shape itself. They went on to produce bottles in standard sizes and uniform shape, which gives the product contained a recognition value. Thus, for example, today still features the original form of the Coca -Cola bottle in modern bottles of this manufacturer recognizable.

" Bottle " in the parlance

The dirty word " bottle " for a stupid man ( who is so " hollow like a bottle " ) is probably the first testified French Bouteille in the same meaning back (compare Italian " fiasco " in the double meaning of the bottle and also mishap ). Designations of hollow bodies are often used as swearwords.