Brassica rapa

Blooming rape (Brassica rapa )

The rape or rapeseed or Rübsaat (Brassica rapa ) is a species of the family Brassicaceae. The rape is cultivated since the Neolithic period. There are numerous varieties or subspecies, which are grown as oil, vegetable and fodder crops.

Features

The rape is a one or biennial plant reaching heights of growth from 20 to 100 cm. The basal leaves are grass green and bristly rough. The upper stem leaves are sessile with a heart-shaped, stalk comprehensive leaf base. The leaves are usually hairy and as well as the stems frosted blue-green.

The flower buds are dominated by the open flowers, the flower stalk is always longer than the flower. The sepals and the shorter stamens are protruding. The petals are golden, 6 to 10 mm long, while about 1.5 times as long as the calyx. The petals are nailed short. Pollination is by bees, the flowering period is April to September.

The fruit is a pod, the seeds are netzadrig.

The rape is predominantly diploid chromosome number is 2n = 20, 40

Dissemination

The rape is native to the Mediterranean region. As a crop it is widespread and often wild. In Germany he is regarded as archaeophyte.

System

The rape is a parent species of oilseed rape (Brassica napus).

Within the species several subspecies are distinguished, each representing different crop groups:

  • Wild turnip rape (Brassica rapa subsp. Campestris ), non-cultivated wild-type
  • Oil - rape (Brassica rapa subsp. Oleifera )
  • Turnip, turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa ), to be included here Teltow turnips (Brassica rapa L. subsp. Rapa var teltowiensis )
  • Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa var majalis )
  • Herb turbidity (Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa subvar. Esculenta )

Documents

  • M. A. Fischer, K. Oswald, W. Adler: Exkursionsflora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. Third Edition, Upper Austria, Biology Centre of the Upper Austrian Provincial Museum, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9
  • Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil Fitschen - interactive ( CD -Rom ), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
Genus
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