Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the smallest, cartilage -free bronchi ( bronchioles ), particularly among young children. The clinical picture is similar at the beginning of an acute asthma attack ( spastic constriction of the bronchioles ), especially if the inflammation of the bronchioles is very extensive. Due to the small diameter of the bronchial mucosa swells so that a ventilation, especially ventilation of the alveoli is difficult. Typical triggers include respiratory syncytial virus. Other common pathogens include parainfluenza virus and measles virus, mycoplasma or chlamydia rarely be found.

Clinic

In the foreground are the nostrils, pale cyanotic discoloration of the skin and severe expiratory dyspnea (shortness of breath during exhalation ), due to the relocation (obstruction ) of the peripheral airways. On auscultation you hear fine bubble rales or very faint sound of breathing. The disease can be difficult.

Therapy

Frequently sedation of the child is necessary. Any beta-2 mimetics ( relaxation of the respiratory tract) and glucocorticoid are to be administered. The most important measure is the sufficient supply of oxygen through an oxygen mask. Keeping the nose is important, mainly because breathing infants and young children due to their high larynx object through the nose. Parenteral nutrition is preferred since a risk of aspiration and additional irritation of the respiratory tract is reduced. Antibiotics may be added to prevent secondary infection, but rather are therapeutically ineffective, since it is usually is a viral infection.

To be distinguished, a more serious disease called bronchiolitis obliterans, but practically healthy lungs can not arise.