Bryidae
Ctenidium molluscum
The Bryidae are the largest subclass of the mosses ( Bryophyta ).
Features
The protonema of Bryidae is always a network of hyphae. The leaves are spirally arranged (only in exceptional cases, 2 -, 3 - or 5 lines ). They have rhizoids. In the antheridia and paraphyses Archegonienständen there. Furthermore, there are Paraphyllien and Pseudoparaphyllien.
The sporophyte is characterized by the presence of a peristome and a hollow cylindrical archesporium in Sporogon surrounding the columella. The Bryidae the capsules are always uplifted by a Seta, which can also be very short. They never be lifted by a pseudopodium. The young capsules are still enveloped by tissue of the gametophyte. This eventually crack and fall off, but can cover the capsule even as a hood, the calyptra.
The structure of the peristome is usually family- specific and therefore an important systematic feature.
Morphological large groups
The Bryidae can be simplistically divided into two groups: the akrokarpen ( gipfelfrüchtige ) and in the pleurokarpen ( seitenfrüchtige ) mosses:
- In akrokarpen Laubmoosen the archegonia and that later on Sporogone are formed at the tip of Hauptstämmchens or equivalent Seitenstämmchens. The stems grow it usually upright ( orthotropic ) and are little branched.
- In mosses the archegonia pleurokarpen sit on short side branches. The Hauptstämmchen usually grow prostrate ( plagiotrop ) and are irregularly branched and feathery.
However, this subdivision has many problems. Thus, there are low -lying mosses with akrokarpen Sporogonen, but also erect mosses with pleurokarpen Sporogonen. The Perichaetien ( formed from leaves sheath around the Gametangienstände ) are always terminal, so at the end of the shoot ( pages). There are two cases, each with two divisions:
The subdivision has no particularly large systematic importance, since several genera, such Fissidens Racomitrium or more such forms. Pleurokarpie but arose phylogenetically late, the oldest fossil is pleurokarpe Muscites gueselinii from the Triassic. The purely pleurokarpen groups of Hypnales, Thuidiaceae, Leucodontaceae Hookeriales and are therefore perceived as young groups as ground cover and epiphytes usually live in forests.
System
The Bryidae are a subclass of the Bryopsida within the mosses ( Bryophyta ). In the present description as of holly and Frey ( 2009), they form a monophyletic group:
- Order Hedwigiales
- Order Helicophyllales
- Order Bartramiales
- Order Splachnales
- Order Bryales
- Order Orthotrichales
- Order Orthodontiales
- Order Aulacomniales
- Order Rhizogoniales
- Order Hypnodendrales
- Order Ptychomniales
- Order Hookeriales
- Order Hypnales