Buddleja

Buddleja marrubiifolia, inflorescence

The butterfly bush ( Buddleja ) also known as butterfly bush, are a genus of flowering plants in the family of the figwort family ( Scrophulariaceae ). The best-known species of the genus is the butterfly bush ( Buddleja davidii ), its varieties are common in the temperate regions ornamental plants for parks and gardens.

Description

Buddleia species grow as subshrubs, shrubs, rarely trees or vines. The branches are terete in cross section, square or viergeflügelt. The mostly opposite, rarely alternate leaves are arranged in petiole and leaf blade. The petioles are often short. The leaf margins are smooth, notched or toothed. The stipules are mostly deciduous leaf-like, almost circular and auriculate or reduced to a transverse line.

The end or lateral inflorescences usually contain many flowers. The bracts are laubbblattähnlich and the bracteoles are sepal similar. The unisexual or hermaphrodite flowers are cruciform with a double perianth. The four sepals are more or less bell-shaped, rarely fused cup-shaped or inverted - conical. The straight or curved calyx tube is longer than the sepals usually. The four petals are bell-shaped, cup-, bowl - or funnel-shaped overgrown. The straight or curved corolla tube cylindrical, and usually longer than the corolla lobes. The inserted into the corolla tube stamens do not protrude beyond these mostly. The stamens are shorter to longer than the anthers. Two to four rare carpels are fused to a two - to rarely vierkammerigen ovary. There are some available to many ovules per ovary chamber. The short to long stylus often ends in a long, culled, capitate or less often bilobed scar.

It septicidalle, zweifächerige fruit capsules are usually formed. In China, only Buddleja madagascariensis forms of berries. The fruits usually contain many seeds. The small, winged seeds often contain fleshy endosperm and a straight embryo.

Dissemination

The Buddleia species are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia. In China, 20 species and five hybrids occur. Few species have spread as a neophyte in Europe.

System

The genus Buddleja was erected in 1753 by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 112. The genus name Buddleja honored the English botanist Adam Buddle ( 1660-1715 ). Buddleja L. are: Adenoplea Radlk, Adenoplusia Radlk, Buddleia L. var orth, Chilianthus Burch. ..

There are about 100 Buddleja species; Here is a selection:

• Weißblühender Buddleia ( Buddleja albiflora Hemsl, Syn. Buddleja hemsleyana Koehne ): It grows in open woodlands, forest edges and on the banks of streams at altitudes of 500 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Wechselblättriger Buddleia ( Buddleja alternifolia Maxim. ): It grows in thickets along river banks and in dry river beds at altitudes from 1500 to 4000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan and Xizang.
• Buddleja americana L.: It is distributed from Mexico through Central America to South America and on Caribbean islands.
• Buddleja araucana PHIL: The home is Argentina.
• Buddleja asiatica Lour. It is common in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea and the Philippines. He is also cultivated.
• Buddleja brachystachya Diels: It grows in thickets in the mountains and in dry river beds at altitudes from 1000 to 2700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Buddleja bullata Kunth: He comes from Colombia and Venezuela to Ecuador Peru ago.
• Buddleja candida Dunn: He is in the northeastern India and the Chinese provinces of southern Sichuan, southeastern Xizang and Yunnan common.
• Buddleja colvilei Hook. f & Thomson: It grows in the Himalayas in southern Xizang and Yunnan and in Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and India.
• Buddleja cordata Kunth: It is spread by three subspecies in Mexico.
• Buddleja coriacea J.Rémy: It is found in Bolivia and Peru, where it is sometimes called Qulli.
• Buddleja crispa Benth. It is common in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, northern India and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan.
• Buddleja curviflora Hook. & Arn. It is found in Taiwan and the Japanese southern Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands and southern Shikoku.
• Butterfly Bush ( Buddleja davidii Franch. ): It grows naturally at altitudes 800-3000 m in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang and in the Xizang. In Japan, he is believed to have been naturalized early. For example, in Europe and California, he is a neophyte.
• Buddleja delavayi Gagnep. He thrives on forest edges, in thickets in valleys and along roads in the mountains at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Xizang.
• Buddleja fallowiana Balf. f & WWSm. It grows in open woodlands and thickets in the mountains at altitudes 1200-3800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, and in Xizang. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is a medicinal plant.
• Buddleja forrestii Diels: It is common in India, Bhutan, Myanmar and in the Chinese provinces of Xizang, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Ball Buddleia ( Buddleja globosa Hope): It is widely used in Peru and Chile.
• Buddleja grandiflora Cham. & Schltdl. It is widespread in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
• Buddleja incana Ruiz & Pav: It is common in Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, where it is sometimes called Kiswar.
• Japanese Butterfly bush ( Buddleja japonica Hemsl. ): The home is Japan. In France, he is a neophyte.
• Buddleja lindleyana Fortune: It grows at altitudes 200-2700 m in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is a medicinal plant.
• Buddleja macrostachya Benth. It is common in the Himalayas.
• Buddleja madagascariensis Lam. The home is Madagascar.
• Buddleja marrubiifolia Benth. Before He comes from Texas to Mexico.
• Snow Buddleia ( Buddleja nivea Duthie ): It grows in open woodlands, forest edges and thickets in the mountains at an altitude 700-3600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, and in Xizang.
• Buddleja officinalis Maxim. It is common in Myanmar, Vietnam and China.
• Buddleja paniculata Wall. He is India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam and China widespread.
• Buddleja perfoliata Kunth: The home is Mexico.
• Buddleja saligna Willd. He is South Africa, Zimbabwe and Swaziland common.
• Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam. It is widespread in Africa.
• Buddleja sessiliflora Kunth: It occurs only in the U.S. states of Texas and southern Arizona and is widespread in many parts of Mexico.
• Buddleja skutchii CVMorton: It is spread from Mexico to Guatemala and Costa Rica to Panama.
• Buddleja stachyoides Cham. & Schltdl. It occurs in the Australian state of Queensland, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
• Buddleja tucumanensis Griseb. It is common in Bolivia and Argentina.
• Buddleja utahensis Coville: It is native to the U.S. states of Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah.

Use

Some Buddleia species, but especially the varieties of butterfly bush ( Buddleja davidii ) are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. There are now hundreds of varieties and hybridization between varieties. Some species are important even in traditional Chinese garden art. Is common to the species that they stand out by their intense smell and often attract butterflies.

Some species are used in traditional Chinese medicine as Heilfpflanzen.

Swell

• Bingtao Li & Antony JM Leeuwenberg: Loganiaceae: Buddleja, p 329 text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis in 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1. (Sections Description, distribution and systematics)

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