Bulbinella

Bulbinella angustifolia

Bulbinella is a genus within the family of grass tree plants ( Xanthorrhoeaceae ). The approximately 24 species occur only in the southern hemisphere in a disjunct area: about 18 species are native to South Africa and about six species in New Zealand.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Bulbinella species grow as a perennial, herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of 35 to 100 cm depending on the type. As outlasting they form underground, compact rhizomes, which are surrounded by small, scale-like, membranous Lower leaves and often of the fibrous remains of leaf bases. They stand alone or form clumps. The roots are somewhat fleshy.

It is geophytes in which dry up during the dry season the leaves and sprout fresh leaves in the rainy season, which are often present during the flowering period. The South African Bulbinella species are green in winter. In basal rosettes are a few to several leaves are spirally arranged. The slightly fleshy, simple leaf blades are round or triangular and belt -shaped and keeled in cross section. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated tiny. There is Parallelnervigkeit.

Inflorescences, flowers and pollination

It is a non- exfoliated, available short -to-long inflorescence stem. The flowers are borne in more or less dense, unbranched, racemose inflorescences. They are small, papery bracts present. The thin flower stems are usually long, rarely reduced.

The rare fragrant when musty smelling then, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The most six identically shaped bracts are free or fused only at their base and arranged in a star - or cup-shaped. The color of the attractive bloom is white to off-white or yellow to orange. There are two circles, each with three equal stamens present. The bare stamens are inserted below the ovary and adherent to the base of the bloom. Three carpels are fused into an ovoid, dreikammerigen, superior ovaries. Each ovary chamber contains only two ovules. The stylus is slim.

The flowering period is in most South American species in late winter, spring and summer, ie from June to January, but flourish in the drier season from December to June. The New Zealand species usually bloom in summer from November to January. Pollination is by insects, especially honey bees. As an exception within the Asphodeloideae occurs at Bulbine and Bulbinella no nectar production and pollen is the only reward for the pollinators. Beetles were in some ways, for example Bulbinella eburniflora observed, they may also play a role in pollination.

Fruit and seeds

The spherical to ovoid seed capsules contained in each fruit tray only one or two seeds. The flattened ovoid and shield-shaped seeds have a black seed coat and a rim- wing.

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 7

Occurrence

The genus Bulbinella has only in the southern hemisphere a disjoint area. About 18 species are elements of the Capensis, they are found in South Africa ( Northern Cape, Western Cape and Eastern Cape). About six species are native to the North and South Island of New Zealand.

Most species thrive in winter rainfall areas in South Africa. Most species thrive in damp and cold conditions.

Some Bulbinella species are in the " Red List of South African Plants" = " Red List of South African Plants ."

System

The genus Bulbinella 1843 Karl Sigismund Kunth set up by in Enumeratio Plantarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum, 4, p 569. As Lectotypusart 1951 Bulbinella triquetra ( Lf) Kunth by Edwin Percy Phillips in The Genera of South African Flowering Plants, 2nd edition, p 183 has been set. The genus name Bulbinella refers to the similarity to the genus Bulbine, from which it differs mainly through the bare stamens instead of hairy at Bulbine. Before the studies were of Kunth, these types a part of the polymorphic genus Anthericum. A synonym for Bulbinella Kunth is Chrysobactron Hook.f..

The genus belongs to the subfamily Bulbinella Asphodeloideae within the family of Xanthorrhoeaceae. Previously, she was also classified in the family Liliaceae.

There are about 24 species Bulbinella:

• Bulbinella angustifolia ( Cockayne & Laing ) LBMoore: It is native to the South Island of New Zealand.
• Bulbinella barkerae PLPerry: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella calcicola JCManning & Goldblatt: 2010 This rare and newly described species occurs only in a rare vegetation on limestone rocks in formation in front of the Saldanha Bay in the Western Cape. She is at risk, for example by mining. She is described as " Critically Endangered " = classified as " critically endangered ".
• Bulbinella cauda - felis ( Lf) T.Durand & Schinz: It is used as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella chartacea PLPerry: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella ciliolata Kunth: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella divaginata PLPerry: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella eburniflora PLPerry: It is classified as "vulnerable " = 'vulnerable '.
• Bulbinella elata PLPerry: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella elegans Schltr. PLPerry ex: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella gibbii Cockayne: With two varieties in New Zealand, one of which is only found on Stewart Iceland.
• Bulbinella gracilis Kunth: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella graminifolia PLPerry: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella hookeri ( Colenso ex Hook. ) Cheeseman: It is native to New Zealand.
• Bulbinella latifolia Kunth: Two subspecies are classified as " least concern " = " not at risk " and two sub-species as "vulnerable " = " endangered".
• Bulbinella modesta LBMoore: It is native to the South Island of New Zealand.
• Bulbinella nana PLPerry: It is classified as "vulnerable " = 'vulnerable '.
• Bulbinella nutans ( Thunb. ) T.Durand & Schinz: Two subspecies are classified as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella potbergensis PLPerry: it is as " Critically Endangered " = classified as " critically endangered ".
• Bulbinella punctulata Zahlbr. , You will be as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella rossii ( Hook.f. ) Cheeseman: It occurs on the Auckland Islands and Campbell Islands.
• Bulbinella talbotii LBMoore: It is on the South Island of New Zealand Gouland Downs
• Bulbinella trinervis ( Baker) PLPerry: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Bulbinella triquetra ( Lf) Kunth: it is as " least concern " = " not endangered".

Use

Actually, only the New Zealand Bulbinella species, particularly Bulbinella hookeri and Bulbinella rossii are used as ornamental plants.

Swell

• John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt & Deirdre A. Snijman: The Color Encyclopedia of Cape Bulbs, 2002, Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 0-88192-547-0: Bulbinella on page 100-106. (Section Description, occurrence and use)
• Stephen Boatwright & John Manning, September 2012: Bulbinella Kunth in PlantZAfrica from the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI. (Section Description, occurrence and use)