Business informatics
The economy of computer science is a science that deals with development and application of information and communication systems in business enterprises. From the perspective of computer science is in the business computer science to a Applied computer science. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, it has its roots in economics, especially in business administration, and computer science. Knowledge and methods of the social sciences, in particular ethics, sociology and psychology, as well as neighboring disciplines such as cybernetics, systems theory and communications technology are relevant for research, teaching and practice of computer science economy. From a professional perspective, the economic computer science can be understood as a theory of explanation and design of application systems.
- 3.1 computer science
- 3.2 Business Administration
- 3.3 Other influences
- 5.1 beginnings in the 1950s
- 5.2 productivity paradox in the 1970s and 1980s
- 5.3 Development from 1990
- 7.1 Current study situation
- 7.2 Expiring study forms
- 7.3 promotion
- 8.1 Germany
- 8.2 Austria
- 8.3 Switzerland
Science
Although the economy is computer science has many characteristics of a so-called interfaces or bridge discipline that is open to other disciplines, it has its own statement range: It is concerned with theories, methods, tools and elaborated intersubjectively verifiable evidence on information and communication systems. It was created in order to develop and operate increasingly complex systems. Thus, it is primarily a real science, but also has elements of a structural science. Since economic computer science concerned with the development of information systems, it is also understood as an engineering science. Primarily, however, it deals with information and communication systems, which are also not necessarily understood as in computer science as computer-based systems. Rather, the business computer science developed for real, social and economic systems and models attempt is made to formulate requirements for information systems and to generate information models. It can also be understood as a social science. The development of information systems, the economy of computer science systems theory served. Economic aspects are in the focus. At many locations, the University computer science economy is therefore assigned to the economics or the social sciences and economics. In colleges economic computer science has ever been involved about half in computer science and in economics departments.
Economic computer science has established itself as an independent scientific study course or as a main subject in other programs and is an integral part of private and public research. According to a study by Ulrich Frank et al. there were in 2002 more than 200 professors of economics computer science at universities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Objectives of economic computer science as economics and engineering science
A more specific objective of economic computer science in their capacity as economic science or engineering science is to explain the effects of information systems and to examine the question of optimizing the design of application systems. This aims in the long term it as to develop a fully automated operation ( Mertens '95 ). However, since a full automation is not always feasible or useful, it often remains at a partial automation, ie a change with respect to the division of labor between man and machine, but which is below the level of full automation. A more concrete perspective delivers the distinction between administrative and scheduling systems, which together form the group of operating systems.
Ten professors of economics computer science published in 2010, the Memorandum on design- oriented economy computer science. With this positioning to identify more around 111 business professors who deal in at least a significant part of their research and teaching activities with the business computer science. The memorandum calls for an expansion of the design orientation, with simultaneous detection of scientific rigor using recognized methods of gaining knowledge. The authors of the memorandum pursue the following objectives:
- Rules for rigorous research and safety for researchers
- Criteria for Reviewer for journals and conferences
- Criteria for the selection of young scientists and appeals
- Criteria for the evaluation of researchers and research institutions
- Positioning of the design-oriented business computer science in the international research
Working areas of economic computer science
The economy of computer science concerned with planning, development, implementation, operation, development and economic use of information and communication systems that are used for formal support of the ongoing business processes and structured strategic decision-making in business and public administration. Non- business-related applications such as finite element systems for the calculation of stresses in engineering components or applications ( for example, word processing software) are not used in a consistent formal framework because of its generalized, outside the classical work field of economic computer science.
- Operational data management
- Data Mining
- Operations Research
- Simulation
- Stochastics
- General: Management of information Systems
- Information Technology
- ICT technology
- Enterprise Content Management
- Electronic archiving
- Information Retrieval
- Knowledge Management
- Business Information Systems Sub-Field: application systems (development, planning, maintenance)
- Sub-Field: Communication Systems
- Sub-Field: Human and Psychology
- Decision Support Systems / Controlling Systems
- Management Information Systems
- Retail Information
- Inter-organizational systems for business cooperation
- Production planning and control systems (PPS )
- Enterprise Application Integration
- Web Services and Service Oriented Architecture
- E-Business
- Online Marketing
- Business Process Management
- Workflow and workflow management
- Service Engineering
Tools from other sciences which have been further developed within the computer science industry:
- Modeling data model
- Information Model
- Reference model
Other areas:
- E -Government
- E -Learning
- E-Health
- Mobile Business
- Very Large Business Applications
However, it should be noted that some sub-areas still constitute a clear field of research and are therefore still classified as keywords.
Influence of other sciences
Computer science
The particularly relevant for economic computer science field of computer science is the practical computer science. Your use means the use of operating systems and computer networks. Thereby, the development-related areas of practical computer science to develop. Using algorithms and data structures using programming languages, computer programs, such as Application systems created. By planning, analysis and design of software within the Software Engineering ( Software Engineering ), consists of scientific and professional approach to software development. For permanent data storage ( persistence) databases are needed.
Business Administration
Economically, the economy computer science can be initially divided into the large range of surgical and functional support of strategic decision support. Task of economic computer science is to cover both areas so that operational processes are the best possible support, but at the same drop as much data as the basis for strategic decisions. From the application side, the economic computer science therefore covers the functions shown in the following table.
- Materials management, production, logistics, service and after sales
- POS Systems
- Customer contact management (Customer Relationship Management )
- Contract management and billing systems
- Construction ( there also called Bauinformatik )
- Accounting and Financial Accounting
- Project Management
- Data exchange between businesses (EDI )
- Planning and optimization process ( Operations Research )
- Fleet management, route planning, freight management
- Any other of the core areas of each company belonging to business functions ( seat assignment at box office, Tiefkühlgutverwaltung in catering, schedule adherence systems in the railways, etc.)
- Calculation
- Marketing
- Human Resources
- Controlling
- Reporting
- Organizational consulting
- Business Process Modeling
- Service Engineering
- Management
- Actuarial Systems
- Phase analysis (OOA ) in software engineering
Other influences
Other sciences, which have influenced the formation and development of the economy computer science, are engineering science, communication science and system science as well as psychology and sociology. There is also a close relation to industrial engineering, especially in the area of materials management, production planning and control and logistics. Several of the scholars regarded as the founders of the business computer science have studied industrial engineering, the interaction between economic and social sciences and technical sciences was familiar to them.
Influence on other sciences
In economics, the branch Computational Economics ( Economics computer science ) has developed, however, uses only a subset of the methods of computer science and computer science economy to support economic methods.
In the field of social work, the social computer science tries the methods and approaches of economic computer science to the specific needs of social work, especially the service facilities to match.
History
Historically, the economy goes back to computer science research and teaching with the terms of Information Technology, Operational (or Business ) Data processing and computer science last operation. In this respect, the economy of the computer science prevailing in the English-speaking sister discipline of information systems (IS ), the historically more on behavioral aspects ( eg usage, acceptance of information systems ) is focused differs. The active participation of German business data in the international IS community, however, shows that the historical differences between the disciplines are increasingly disappearing.
Beginnings in the 1950s
Mid-1950s were first IT courses in the study of business administration integrated (Technical University of Berlin, Free University of Berlin, University of Cologne, etc.). 1961 Bernhard Hartmann published the monograph " Business Basics of automated data processing ," the first scientific work, which documented the consciousness of a specific problem area, starting from which the economy computer science has emerged and evolved. In 1963, Erwin Grochla the Business Institute for Organization and Automation ( BIFOA ) at the University of Cologne. In 1966 he published the monograph "Automation and Organisation", which shows the fundamental problems and tendencies of the impact of automation on the economy and the organization of teaching. In the same year appeared the first of Peter Mertens habilitation thesis, which is thematically attributed to the economic computer science ( ' The inter-company cooperation and integration in the automated data processing ', published by Grove, Meis home on the Glan). 1968 the first business department with focus on Operational Data Processing at the Johannes Kepler University Linz and 1970, the Foundation Chair "Organization Theory and Data Processing" at the University of Karlsruhe was established ..
In 1974, the universities TH Darmstadt, Johannes Kepler University of Linz and Vienna University of Technology and the University of Applied Sciences Furtwangen oriented one to study business computer science. The Association of University Professors of Management, the Scientific Commission operating computer science was established in 1975 ( WKBI ), the Scientific Commission in economic computer science ( WKWI ) was renamed in 1987. 1981 was the first " study and research leaders operating and administrative computer science " published by order of the WKBI. In 1983, the society for computer science their departments to the Department 5 business computer science. 1988, the task force was established economic computer science at colleges ( AKWI ).
The first attempt to establish on a scientific level technical meeting economic computer science, was the conference series " The computer as a tool for teaching and research in the social sciences and economics ", initiated by Lutz J. Heinrich, first time in 1985 at the Johannes Kepler University Linz, the last time in 1989 performed at the University of Innsbruck.
Productivity paradox in the 1970s and 1980s
In the 1970s and 1980s, business enterprise like never before invested so much in IT systems, in the hope of substantial productivity gains. The expected increases in productivity, however, remained significantly behind the high expectations; actually took the aggregate growth rates of productivity in real terms even.
"We see the computer age everywhere except in the productivity statistics."
The leading reasons for these failures were:
- Error in the measurement of productivity
- Time delay between the introduction and implementation of IT and the beginning of its effect
- Management mistakes in the implementation of information and communication technologies and lack of co operation and IT successive
Development from 1990
In 1989, the first scientific journal of economic computer science called BISE, first vintage in 1990, as the successor of the journal Applied computer science, in 1972 as a successor to the 1952 founded the magazine got this name electronic data processing, was founded. About the authors included Hans Robert Hansen, Lutz J. Heinrich, Karl crank, Peter Mertens, Dietrich Seibt, Peter Stahlknecht and Norbert Szyperski. 1991 developed the WKWI and the Society for computer science framework recommendations for graduate degree programs of economic computer science at universities. In 1993 the first open conference business computer science at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität in Münster and place annually since then as the International Conference on Business computer science or computer science Multikonferenz economy ( MKWI ) instead. Also at the Westfälische Wilhelms- University, the first conference on scientific foundations of computer science industry took place in 1997. In the same year, the working group was economic computer science at colleges along with the computer science Fachbereichstag a substantive recommendation for courses of study in business computer science at colleges out. In 2009, the International Conference on Business computer science was first held outside of Germany in Vienna ( Austria ).
Since the early 2000s the management computer science, which has the working field public administration evolved from the computer science industry.
The first faculty, in which the name "Economy computer science " is used, in 2001 at the Otto- Friedrich University Bamberg set ( Faculty of Economics and Applied computer science and computer science ). In 2004, the Research Center for Business computer science / information system, European Research Center for Information Systems ( ERCIS ) was founded at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität in Münster.
In 2005, the Society for computer science computer science from the Faculty of Economics published the developed framework recommendations for Bachelor 's and Master's courses in business computer science at universities. Neither in 2006 nor in 2007 was invited to a submitted business computer science Sketch for funding in the framework of the Excellence Initiative call for proposals. 2007 " Basic Recommendations for university education in business computer science " drawn up by a commission on behalf of the Scientific Commission economic computer science, which was confirmed by the Company for computer science.
From the University of Duisburg -Essen 2010, the international student exchange network IS was: link established, the exclusively students of economic computer science is to give the opportunity to complete an efficient semester abroad at affiliated partner universities and in order of increasing intercultural networking - especially in the area of economic computer science - to contribute.
Problems in enterprises by economic computer science
As the productivity paradox shows in the 1970s and 1980s, it may cause serious problems in the implementation of IT systems and the implementation of IT projects (eg, software projects ) in companies. The following problem areas are frequently encountered:
- Request problem: unrealistic project goals, uncontrolled expansion of the project scope without a plan, which allows such an extension;
- Estimation problem: inappropriate timing, not intended for re-estimation process with a change of project, no reasonable checks;
- Quality problem: implemented random quality tests instead of an overarching process control, quality throughout the project to undertake;
- Team productivity problem: weak team productivity, which means that many work processes have to be repeated because the original result is insufficient;
- Project management problems: missing or faulty planning, power values , assessment of the influence of changes and problems, etc.;
- Evaluation problem: a lack of goal- based assessment and evaluation of objects on the basis of a system of decision-relevant properties (evaluation criteria);
- Cultural issues: other, non-Western cultures have different ideas of working processes and working relationships; for example, is placed in some traditional East Asian cultures so much emphasis on good relations that problems are not explicitly named or inadequate or obscured.
Study
Current study situation
In Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria and Switzerland economy computer science is offered as a course of study at universities, colleges and vocational colleges.
Since 1999, the Bachelor of Science and Master of Science may be acquired in business computer science in the German-speaking countries, which replace the previous diplomas. Not least because the information required by the policy profile form colleges offers almost every course anything special. The structure of the study models can be used in a regular structure - as it is implemented at most universities - and a special structure can be distinguished.
- Regular study models: Bachelor: 6 to 8 semesters. Some courses contain a facultative or obligatory or more international or semester.
- Master: 2 to 4 semesters. Either recess of a bachelor's degree in computer science or business to increase the knowledge in the field of computer science economy without previous study of economic computer science. A semester abroad or more semester abroad in particular in the master's program is increasingly an integral part of the curricula in order to take account the international environment, which hosts the economics and IT.
- Special Study models: Integrated forms that enable acquisition of Bachelor and Master degrees in four years.
- In Austria, the graduate engineer ( Dipl. -Ing. ) After 10 theory semesters in Bachelor / Master structure.
The language of instruction is mainly in German-speaking German. Some programs offer optional events in foreign languages , mostly English at, some courses require within a bilingual study system a predetermined proportion of English language acquired credit points or must be fully mastered in English. For admission to these foreign study programs usually appropriate language skills are demonstrated in the form of an internationally recognized test certificate.
Also at vocational colleges, partly in tertiary education, or management and business schools appropriate training is offered. In addition, there are various offers of distance learning at a distance learning university or Fernfachhochschule in economics computer science.
Furthermore, there is the opportunity to study computer science as a field of study or business major subject within a degree in business administration, business education, computer science, information science, economics or industrial engineering.
Expiring study forms
Previous degrees from universities, colleges and technical schools are the
- Diploma in Business Informatics ( FH): 6-7 semester theory, as well as 1 or 2 semesters of study outside in a company
- Univ. Diploma in Business Informatics (abbreviated Dipl.- Wirt -Inf, degree in industrial -Inf, Dipl.- Wirt -Inform or degree in industrial Inform.. .. ): Normal period 9 to 10 semester - often practically at least 11 semester, and usually one semester internship
- Mag. soc.. oec, DI / Dipl- Ing., Austria. Depending on the university and curriculum theory about 8-10 semester, these curricula were abolished in 2001, but still can be stopped.
Some of the names of the accounts are still university -specific supplements.
Promotion
After an excellent completed master studies, it is possible to attain within a doctoral study at universities the degree of doctor or PhD, usually in the field of computer science economy. But also doctoral studies in other fields, such as in the field of business administration, computer science or economics are possible for graduates of the computer science industry.
Vocational training for business data processing
Germany
Technical schools and vocational schools, trade schools and vocational colleague offer the most two-year school training " Certified Business Informatics " or state-certified computer - to major in Business as well as a state-certified assistant for computer science ( vocational schools and vocational Kolleges ).
The educational and technology centers, chambers of craft offer a training for operating computer for business data processing (HWK ) or Business Administration for Information Technology ( HWK).
Austria
In Austria 's economic computer science ( WINF ) a compulsory subject in vocational schools and forms a part of the educational canon in computer science education.
Switzerland
There is a lesson for computer EFZ, specializing in business informatics via continuing education ( higher vocational education ).
The way to dipl. Business data HF via a Further Education College.
Career prospects of business data with a university degree
Graduates of a master degree in computer science economy may act as a graduate student at a university in research. In business, there are various application areas, which can vary depending on work experience. A typical use of economic computer scientist is the advice. There he can be involved in the strategic but also tactical IT consulting. Strategic professional fields such as in the IT strategy to find in portfolio management or enterprise architecture, whereas business information eg on the tactical level the IT architecture, in particular the analysis, design, testing and acceptance of IT-based solutions and generally turn to project management.
There are also different ways in the industry in management positions ( CIO, Chief Architect, Project Manager, IT strategist ) or in important executive positions in the field of IT ( Enterprise Architect, Solution Architect, Project Manager, Test Manager, Test Architect, Business Analyst, Geschäftsprozessmodellierer ) to act.
Organizations, associations and societies
- Federal association of German people and economists - Workgroup Business computer science
- Society for computer science - computer science Department of Economics
- Association of University Professors of Management - Scientific Commission economic computer science ( WKWI )
- Working Group on Economic computer science at colleges (organization of economic computer science at colleges )