C. E. A. Wichmann

Carl Ernst Arthur Wichmann ( born April 9, 1851 in Hamburg, † November 28, 1927 ) was a German geologist and mineralogist.

Life

Wichmann was a professor of geology at the University of Utrecht from 1879 to 1921, where he founded the Geological Institute. His daughter was the lawyer and anarcho-syndicalist set Gertrude Clara Wichmann, his son, the artist and fascist Erich Wichmann.

Arthur Wichmann spent his youth in Hamburg. From 1871 to 1874 he studied at the University of Leipzig, where he was a pupil of Ferdinand circle that aroused his interest in mineralogy. In Leipzig he was a member of the fraternity Arminia, at the same time as well as the also prominent geologist Felix Wahnschaffe. For some years he was assistant to circle, then he became a professor at the University of Utrecht.

Geological research had not been operated in Utrecht until then, and Wichmann devoted himself to establish a geological institute. In addition to research and teaching Wichman started to build a geological collection, for which he took part in expeditions to Dutch colonies: 1888-1889 according to the Dutch East Indies ( Celebes, Flores, Timor and Roti ) and from 1902 to 1903 - Hendrikus Albertus Lorentz together with - to New Guinea.

Northern New Guinea Expedition 1903

1903 led Wichmann, the first official Dutch expedition to the scientific exploration of New Guinea, in order to detect possible mineable coal deposits on the north coast of the Dutch part of the island, among others. Focus of the expedition were Geelvink Bay (now Cenderawasih Bay ), Humboldt Bay (now Yos - Sudarso Bay ) and Lake Sentani. Other participants included Hendrikus Albertus Lorentz, the military doctor Gijsbertus Adrian Johan van der Sande ( anthropology and ethnography responsible for ), the zoologist Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort and the former distributor of bird of paradise feathers John Maximiliaan Duma. As support staff 30 men from North Borneo ( Dayak ) were hired two hunters and seven other staff.

The expedition ship Zeemeeuw ( Sea Gull ) was used for studies of the lake. In addition, a base camp on the small island in the Metu Debi Jautefa Bay (south of Jayapura ) was established for land expeditions along the coast and into the hinterland. The Sentani Lake was explored by lifeboat Zeemeeuw after it had been carried over land there. There were stones, inlaid biologics in alcohol and collected numerous ethnographic objects.

As a scientist, Wichmann was mainly interested in mineralogy and petrology. He worked on the geological aspects of the Siboga Expedition. After his retirement in 1921 he returned to his native city of Hamburg, where he died in 1927. His successor in Utrecht was LMR Rutten (Louis Martin Robert Rutten; 1884-1946 ).

Works

  • Rocks of Timor and some adjacent islands. Leiden, EJ Brill, 1882-1887
  • Nova Guinea. Uitkomsten Nederlandsche Nieuw Guinea - Expeditie in 1903 or leiding van Dr. Arthur Wichmann, professor te Utrecht [ Results of the Dutch New Guinea Expedition 1903 ].
  • Report on an in 1888-89 executed on behalf of the Dutch Geographical Society trip to the Indian Archipelago. Leiden, EJ Brill, 1890-92.
  • The earthquakes of the Indian Archipelago. Volume 1 and 2 1918 Amsterdam In: . Verhandelingen the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Natuurkunde, 2nd Sect. Deel 20, no. 4 and Deel 22, no. 5
  • Geological results of the Siboga Expedition. Leiden, EJ Brill, 1925 ( Siboga - expeditie / Monograph 66 ( = livr. 100) )
  • Numerous essays volcanological, geological and petrographic content in Dutch journals.
Ferdinand Zirkel Sulawesi Dayak people Siboga-Expedition Integrated Authority File
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