Caesalpinia

Peacock tree ( Caesalpinia pulcherrima )

The Caesalpinien ( Caesalpinia ) are a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily of carob plants ( Caesalpinioideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ).

  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Caesalpinia species grow as trees, shrubs, vines or rarely as herbaceous plants. Often they are spined. In many, but not all species, the leaves and inflorescences are clustered on short shoots.

The alternate and spirally arranged on the show leaves are composed: they are pinnate single or double. At the Blattrhachis the small to large pinnate leaves are opposite or alternate. The leaves are reduced in some species to shed.

Inflorescences and flowers

There shall be lateral or terminal, racemose or eared inflorescences. Depending on the type, the flowers are small or large and are more or less zygomorphic. The flowers are hermaphroditic and fünfzählig double perianth. Of the five free sepals is the lowest the largest. The five yellow through orange to red-colored petals are spread out and often nailed; usually four of them are circular or sometimes elongated, the top is narrower and has a different shape, color and is hairy fluffy. There are two circuits, each provided with five free stamens, all of which usually are mostly fertile and half are considerably shorter than the other. The thick filaments are hairy at their base. The anthers are ovate or elliptic. The single ovary contains from one to seven ovules. The rod-shaped style ends in a scar that is clipped or is hollow in the center.

Fruit and seeds

There shall be flattened or swollen, ovate, oblong, lanceolate or sometimes crescent-shaped legumes that are leathery or woody, rarely fleshy, smooth or spiny in some species. Depending on the type they open or remain closed at maturity. The seeds are ovoid or spherical.

Use

Caesalpinia spinosa ( Tara ) is at home in South America (Peru, Ecuador) grown because of the suitability of its fruit as a thickening agent (see tara gum ).

Dissemination

The genus Caesalpinia is widespread in tropical and subtropical zones.

System

The French botanist Charles Plumier named the genus Caesalpinia in honor of the Italian botanist Andrea Cesalpino. Linnaeus later took the name. Synonyms for Caesalpinia L. are Cantuffa JFGmel. , Denisophytum R.Vig. , Guilandina L. and L. Poinciana. The genus Caesalpinia belongs to the tribe Caesalpinieae in the subfamily of carob plants ( Caesalpinioideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ).

The delimitation of the genus is seen controversial; depending on the author they representing 70 to 165 species. Here is a selection types:

  • Caesalpinia angolensis ( Oliv. ) Herend. & Zarucchi
  • Caesalpinia benthamiana ( Baill. ) Herend. & Zarucchi
  • Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.
  • Caesalpinia brasiliensis L.
  • Caesalpinia cacalaco Bonpl.
  • Caesalpinia cassioides Willd.
  • Caesalpinia ciliata ( Wikstr. ) Urb.
  • Caesalpinia coriaria ( Jacq. ) Willd.
  • Caesalpinia corymbosa Benth.
  • Caesalpinia crista L.
  • Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb.
  • Caesalpinia decapetala ( Roth) Alston
  • Caesalpinia You delphinensis Puy & R.Rabev.
  • Caesalpinia digyna Rottler
  • Brazilwood ( Caesalpinia echinata Lam. )
  • Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth.
  • Caesalpinia exostemma DC.
  • Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex Tul.
  • Caesalpinia gardneriana Benth.
  • Bird of paradise bush ( Caesalpinia gilliesii ( Hook. ) D.Dietr. )
  • Caesalpinia granadillo Pittier
  • Caesalpinia hildebrandtii ( Vatke ) Baill.
  • Caesalpinia jamesii ( Torr. & A. Gray ) Fisher
  • Caesalpinia kavaiensis H.Mann
  • Caesalpinia latisiliqua ( Cav. ) Hattink
  • Caesalpinia madagascariensis ( R.Vig. ) Senesse
  • Caesalpinia major ( Medik. ) Dandy & Exell
  • Caesalpinia mexicana A. Gray
  • Caesalpinia microphylla Mart. ex G.Don
  • Caesalpinia minax Hance
  • Caesalpinia myabensis Britton
  • Caesalpinia nipensis Urb.
  • Caesalpinia palmeri S.Watson
  • Caesalpinia paraguariensis ( D.Parodi ) Burkart
  • Caesalpinia pauciflora ( Griseb. ) C.Wright
  • Caesalpinia platyloba S.Watson
  • Caesalpinia pluviosa DC.
  • Caesalpinia pubescens ( Desf. ) Hattink
  • Peacocks shrub, even flamboyant, Pride of Barbados or dwarf Poinciane called ( Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw, Syn. Poinciana pulcherrima L.)
  • Caesalpinia pumila ( Britton & Rose) F.J.Herm.
  • Caesalpinia punctata Willd.
  • Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.
  • Caesalpinia sappan L.
  • Caesalpinia scortechinii ( F.Muell. ) Hattink
  • Caesalpinia sessilifolia S.Watson
  • Caesalpinia spinosa ( Molina ) Kuntze ( " Tara ", " Guarango " )
  • Caesalpinia velutina ( Britton & Rose) Standlschmaus.
  • Caesalpinia vernalis Champ. ex Benth.
  • Caesalpinia vesicaria L.
  • Caesalpinia violacea Standlschmaus.
  • Caesalpinia yucatanensis Greenm.

Swell

  • L. Watson and MJ Dallwitz: Caesalpinia - entry at DELTA. ( Description section )
  • Dezhao Chen, Prof. Dianxiang Zhang & Ding Hou: Caesalpinia in the Flora of China, Volume 10, 2010, page 41: Online. ( Description section )
  • Entry in the Flora of Pakistan. (English)
  • Entry in the Flora of Australia Online. (English)
Rosids Rachis
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