Carl Brühl

Carl Brühl ( Carl Bernhard Brühl) ( born May 5, 1820 Prague, † August 14, 1899 in Graz) was an Austrian physician and zoologist ( anatomist; university teachers), educational worker and women's rights.

Life

Carl ( Karl lexically ) Bernhard Brühl is today largely forgotten - even though he some remarkable united " untimely " tendencies in himself.

Bruehl graduated in Prague and then went to medical school in Vienna ( 1841-47 ). In the days of March 1848, he raised his voice in favor of the people and called for freedom of teaching and learning at the university. He was then working for several years as a doctor, but went precaution to study abroad (Italy and France) during his promotional liberal Under Secretary Ernst von Feuchtersleben itself yet again arranged with the " Regme ". In 1855 he returned to Vienna, by Leo Count Thun, Minister of worship and teaching since 1849 and ultramontane has been set, but ultimately appointed to the University of Vienna as Professor of Zootomie and comparative anatomy in 1857 to Krakow in 1859 to Pest, soon after, where he in 1863 his own, Zootomisches (now Zoology ) Institute got, as it had already provided friend Feuchtersleben (1855 †) - in Vienna he kept always popular scientific lectures ( " Sunday lectures " in the " animal garden " in the Prater ) - at. a (1874 ), about Goethe's essay "Nature ," the young Sigmund Freud was present, which was determined by the doctor. Brühl wanted to convey in this way, as he puts it also in relevant publications " for self-study of younger friends of comparative anatomy " expressed gifted of all classes of science and, if necessary, win it.

He therefore gave lectures that were free of charge and - then almost unheard of and often offensive - were open and female listeners. In it, he disproved the widely held belief ( promoted especially by Prof. Theodor von Bischoff, Munich, in the magazine " The study and practice of medicine by the women," 1872), the female brain is structural (too small! ) To study (in especially medicine ) unable (or at least awkward ) - even the most experienced anatomists might as well by a male brain does not distinguish a female. This naturally made " bad blood " at traditionalists, but assured him the lasting affection of all feminists -. Occasion of his retirement (1890) he still required the establishment of an " anatomically Zoological Museum of Cultural History " to make such things always generally appreciated as as indeed his skeletal demonstrations at the Vienna World exhibition of 1873 had already met with great interest -. spent his life at Brühl in Graz.

His view on the relationship between man and woman is expressed most clearly in Brühl's lecture of 1893 ( linked below, pp. 33-68, with portrait p. 17) about the gifts of women: Initially, there was in nature probably centuries or thousands of years, only the female principle ( " Weibthum ." - so he was neither church nor devout follower of Darwin, rather, avowed Deist ). Gradually developed from this then a higher, the male principle ( " Mannthum " ) - but only to make it the female at the same height uplifting! The woman as stupid housemaid can not be the goal.

Research

From his research areas of comparative osteology (bone or skeletal teaching), he published a lot of detailed studies and textbooks, which are still quite usable, if only the obsolete names can now be replaced by a valid, eg on the largely cartilaginous salmon skull. But he was concerned not only with vertebrates - a ( foreign ) skeleton have indeed eg the insects - with enthusiasm, he describes about the finer, through and through appropriate construction of the lice (1871 ).

List of publications

In the catalog of the Vienna University Library. # Supplements. Publication is, unless otherwise indicated, Vienna.

• (1845 ) The knowledge of the vertebrate - the skeleton ( etc.) for the comparative anatomy of bone: The method of osteological details shown on carp skeletons etc.
• (1847 ) # About officinal monocots.
• (1847 - ) First Principles of comparative anatomy of all classes of animals. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.5784online
• (1850 ) Small contributions to the anatomy of the Haussäugethiere.
• (1856 ) Disease of bone from the Parisian garden plants.
• (1856 ) The knowledge of the orang- head and the Orang species.
• (1856 ) # About Meaning and Purpose of Naturalists meetings in our days, and especially in our German fatherland; an occasional word of the opening of the 32nd Naturalists meeting in Vienna in 1856.
• (1858 ) A few words about the scientific status of Zoology in Cyklus of the medical sciences. ( Plague)
• (1860 ) # Phoca Holitschensis, the fossil Phocafuss the Pest University Museum, a Unicum. Mittheilungen from the k.k. Zoological Institute of the University of Pest. online ( PDF, 2.3 MB)
• (1860 ) Mittheilungen from the k.k. Zoological Institute of the University of Pest.
• (1862 ) # The skeleton of Krokodilinen shown in twenty panels. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.60109 online ( PDF, 22.9 MB)
• (1862 ) Icones ad zootomiam illustrandam: The skeleton of Krokodilinen presented in 20 tables. http://www.google.at/books?id=vOgXAAAAYAAJ
• (1865 ) Laqueus Owenii and laqueus tympanic petrosal [Supplement to the foregoing ].
• (1868 ) University and public education, priesthood and science. (2nd edition: 1888)
• (1871 ) # About the parasitic lice on humans.
• (1871 ) # For finer anatomy of the human parasitic lice. Preliminary communication.
• ( 1874-88 ) Zootomie all classes of animals for learners. (4 vols )
• (1878 ) Something about the brain of vertebrates with special emphasis on that of the woman etc.
• (1879 ) # Something about the brain of vertebrates with special emphasis on that of the woman. online ( PDF, 9.1MB )
• (1882 ) Flea skeleton.
• (1882 ) Cancer skeleton.
• (1883 ) # woman brain, woman's soul, women's rights. (Leipzig)
• (1886 ) Hatteria head.
• (1886 ) reptilian head.
• (1888 ) Worm anatomy for students.
• (1893 ) Something about the gifts of nature to the woman (etc.). http://www.literature.at/viewer.alo?objid=1328&page=1&viewmode=fullscreen
• (1897 ) Preliminary occasion of the July 20, 1847 ( etc ) for my former listeners. (Graz)