Carol Gilligan

Carol Gilligan ( b. 1936 ) is an American psychologist and feminist ethicist.

Biography

Carol Gilligan studied English literature at Swarthmore College psychology at Radcliffe College, and social psychology at Harvard University. She was known by the controversy with Lawrence Kohlberg in the debate morality differences in men and women. Gilligan later founded the Harvard Center on Gender and Education through a donation of Jane Fonda over 12.5 million U.S. dollars. She developed there a method of listening. In 2002 she was given a professorship at New York University. There she deals with the resistance against patriarchy.

Controversy Gilligan vs. Kohlberg

Carol Gilligan has worked in the field of developmental psychology mainly with the female morality. She was a long time associate of Kohlberg, who designed the six - stage model of moral development, and has extended the theory of Kohlberg's. Gilligan was assumed that men questioning of abstract moral reasons, however, women do this due to disappointing experiences in relationships. They argued that the self- perception of women is more involved in the social context and therefore in studies of moral development, which depends on the characteristics of autonomy, inevitably an average lower level than men.

Gilligan, the male moral justice against a female ethic of care ( → Care Ethics ). Women are based therefore on moral judgments more on relationship, interaction and responsibility structure of the person involved in a problem situation, whereas men tend to abstract rights and duties. Gilligan sees both moral species, the female and the male, structurally equivalent to.

Criticism

Christina Hoff Sommers replied that Gilligan did not provide reliable data for their theses, only ' anecdotes ' and some of their data appeared virtually invented, because they refused to make this publicly available. Their claims were not confirmed in the research and should first be evaluated by the neurology and evolutionary psychology.

Debra Nails threw Gilligan for selective sampling and procedures may be mentioned more literary than scientific.

Writings

  • The other voice. Conflicts in life and morals of the woman. Munich 1982
  • The Birth of Pleasure. Alfred A. Knopf, 2002
  • Kyra. A Novel. Random House, 2008
  • David AJ Richards: The Deepening Darkness: Patriarchy, Resistance, and Democracy 's Future, Cambridge University Press, 2009
Ethics of care Integrated Authority File
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