Centranthus
Red Valerian ( Centranthus ruber)
The spur Flowers ( Centranthus ) are a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily of the valerian plants ( Valerianoideae ), which is found today in the family of the Honeysuckle family ( Caprifoliaceae ).
Description
Spur flowers are annual to perennial herbaceous plants. Some species produce rhizomes, which have a strong odor. The shoot axis is bald. The leaves are opposite and entire to pinnate in form, often in a bluish shade of green. The bracts are shield-shaped.
The inflorescences are in thyrsi to Pleiothyrsen with dichasial branched partial inflorescences, which are rich flowering Endauszweigungen winding. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig. The calyces remain in the heyday still curl, crowns consist of five non-uniform, two-lobed corners. The corolla tube is thin and long, and bears near the base of a spur. Each single flower wearing only a stamen. The more or less constant ovary is dreikammerig; the stylus protrudes far from the flower and carries a two-to three-piece scar.
At the time, the fruit cup unrolled to a rayed crown of feathers, from 10 to 23 feathers. The fruits are oblong- ovate flight and flattened. Wear sterile compartments that have atrophied into strips. The fruits are one seed. Different kinds of fruits can form on the same plant.
Dissemination
The range extends from Macaronesia across the Mediterranean to the east into the Caucasus and southern Russia. The Small Spornblume and the Red Valerian also occur in Central Europe as adventitious. Two species, Centranthus macrosiphon and Centranthus ruber, are also found in Australia as neophytes.
System
The spur flowers belong to the subfamily of valerian plants in the honeysuckle family, where they are classified in the monophyletic tribe Valerianeae.
The genus itself contains eleven species:
- Centranthus amazonum Fridlender & A.Raynal
- Small Spornblume or Narrow Spornblume ( Centranthus angustifolius (Mill.) DC. )
- Centranthus battandieri Maire
- Fußangel - Spornblume ( Centranthus calcitrapae (L.) Dufr. )
- Centranthus lecoqii Jordan
- Centranthus longiflorus Steven
- Great tubed Spornblume ( Centranthus macrosiphon Boiss. )
- Centranthus nevadensis Boiss.
- Red Valerian ( Centranthus ruber (L. ) DC. )
- Centranthus sieberi Heldr.
- Centranthus trinervis ( viv ) BEGUINOT