Cephalanthera
Red helleborine ( Cephalanthera rubra)
The helleborine ( Cephalanthera ) are a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family ( Orchidaceae).
The genus was erected in 1818 by the French botanist Louis Claude Marie Richard. The genus name is derived from the Greek κεφαλή kephale = head and ανθηρός antheros = blooming along and points out that the anther of the Columna sits like a head.
- 2.1 Europe, North Africa and Western Asia
- 2.2 East Asia
- 2.3 North America
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 External links
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The helleborine are autotrophic or heterotrophic fully myco -, slender, persistent and growing herbaceous rhizomatous geophytes. The rhizome is short, creeping and often branched. The roots are bunched, are numerous in the autotrophic species and divide into perpendicular, thicker storage roots and horizontal standing affected by fungi on roots .. About adventitious buds can be a multiplication.
Generative features
The inflorescence is a terminal, loose, much - to wenigblütige, rarely bloom grape with straight, upright, cylindrical about the axis. The bracts of the lower individual flowers are usually leaf-like, but not scheidig, and overtop the flowers usually that the upper flowers are much shorter.
The flowers are rotated by 180 °, quite erect, more or less sessile, slightly opened, and bell-shaped, rarely wide open, white, pink or yellow. The ovary is slightly twisted and bare. The sepals ( sepals ) are free, similar to each other and about the same size. The lateral petals ( petals ) are slightly shorter than the sepals and tend to these more or less strongly to the front to a helmet together. The lip has grown at the base of the column; it is bipartite, rarely simple. The rear portion ( Hypochil ) is concave and has two upright side tabs which surround the column. It's been bagged at the base or has a short spur; Nectar is not offered. The front portion ( Epichil ) is of solid structure, spread, ovate - elliptic, obtuse or acute, the upper surface has three to seven longitudinal fins. The column is erect, usually with two narrow lateral wings. The stamen is upright, folded down, zweifächerig, with two two -part, granular - floury, sessile pollinia, which Klebdrüsen ( Viscidien ) are missing. The scar is concave and rounded, without differentiated rostellum. Some species are self-pollinated.
After blossoming, vielsamige, erect, oblong capsule fruits develop. The seeds are flat and annoying network with widened meshes.
Types and distribution
The genus consists of 18 species. The area extends from North Africa and Europe to China and Japan. One of three types mykotrophen comes from the western United States.
Europe, North Africa and Western Asia
- Caucasian helleborine ( Cephalanthera caucasica Kraenzl. )
- Cretan helleborine ( Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr. )
- White helleborine ( Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce )
- Spurred helleborine ( Cephalanthera epipactoides Fischer & CAMey. )
- Kotschys helleborine ( Cephalanthera kotschyana Renz & Taubenheimstraße )
- Kurdish helleborine ( Cephalanthera kurdica Bornm. )
- Leaved helleborine or sword- helleborine ( Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch )
- Red helleborine ( Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich. )
East Asia
- Cephalanthera alpicola Fukuy. , Endemic to Taiwan.
- Cephalanthera calcarata SCChen & KYLang, endemic to northwestern Yunnan, mykotroph.
- Cephalanthera erecta ( Thunb. ) Blume, distributed in temperate East Asia to the eastern Himalaya.
- Cephalanthera ericiflora Szlach. & Mytnik, endemic in Laos.
- Cephalanthera exigua Seidenf. , Endemic in northern Thailand and Laos.
- Cephalanthera falcata ( Thunb. ) Blume, distributed in southern Japan, Korea, and South China.
- Cephalanthera gracilis SCChen & GHZhu, endemic to northwestern Yunnan, mykotroph.
- Cephalanthera longibracteata flower, widely used by the Russian Far East to Laos.
- Cephalanthera pusilla ( Hook.f. ) Seidenf. , Spread from southern China to Myanmar.
North America
- Cephalanthera austiniae ( A. Gray ) A.Heller, distributed in western North America, mykotroph.
Natural hybrids
- Cephalanthera × mayeri ( E.Mayer & Zimmerm. ) A.Camus ( Cephalanthera damasonium × Cephalanthera rubra)
- Cephalanthera × otto- hechtii Keller ( Cephalanthera longifolia × Cephalanthera rubra)
- Cephalanthera × renzii B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Peter Ruedi ( caucasica × Cephalanthera Cephalanthera longifolia)
- Cephalanthera × schaberi H.Baumann ( Cephalanthera epipactoides × Cephalanthera longifolia)
- Cephalanthera × schulzei EGCamus ( Cephalanthera damasonium × Cephalanthera longifolia)
- Cephalanthera × taubenheimii H.Baumann ( Cephalanthera damasonium × Cephalanthera kotschyana )
Gallery
Leaved helleborine ( Cephalanthera longifolia) in Bohinj, Slovenia
Leaved helleborine ( Cephalanthera longifolia)
Leaved helleborine ( Cephalanthera longifolia)
Cephalanthera falcata