Ceramica pisi
Erbseneule ( Ceramica pisi )
The Erbseneule ( Ceramica pisi ), and field -floor Blättereule is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of cutworms ( Noctuidae ).
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 Literature
Features
The wingspan of the butterfly is 30 to 38 mm (up 40 mm). Contrasting vary the forewing in various shades of brown, but mostly reddish brown shimmer. The bright wavy line with the W sign is often indistinct formed while the location at the inner angle of the Submarginalregion white spot very noticeable emerges and usually has the shape of a V - sign. Ring and kidney blemish are brightened and edged black brown. The hind wings are plain gray-brown, slightly darker in females.
The approximately round egg is flattened at both ends. The surface comprises a number of fine ribs. It is after the first filing yellowish- white and turns purple later.
The caterpillars can occur in green or red-brown shapes. A back line is missing, however, the broad light yellow side lines and back lanes are not very noticeable. The head is yellowish brown to yellowish green. Full grown they are up to 45 mm long
The dark red -brown to black-brown doll is comparatively strongly sculptured with fine stripes and wrinkles. The elongated, cone-shaped cremaster is relatively large with two strong, at the end thickened slightly, slightly divergent bristles.
Similar Species
Due to the very characteristic white spot in the Submarginalregion the species is not to be confused.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The Erbseneule is widespread throughout Europe to East Asia. In the north, it is still to be found far above the Arctic Circle, south to northern Spain, central Italy and northern Greece. In the Alps, it rises to a height of about 2000 meters. The species is found in many habitats, such as forests, fields, meadows, bogs, and in gardens and parklands.
Way of life
The species has a univoltine life in general. The moths fly from May to fly to August. However, in some southern regions they fly in two generations, and in May and June and July to September. The moths are nocturnal, occasionally visit flowers such as the butterfly bush ( Buddleja davidii ) and like to come to bait and artificial light sources. Eggs are laid in groups of 20 to 300 Units in the caterpillar food plants. The Eiraupen hatch after about 10 days. The caterpillars feed on the flowers and leaves of many different plants, are extremely polyphagous. Ahola and Silvonen lists over 140 species of herbaceous plants, trees and shrubs, which are used as food plants of the caterpillar into consideration. These include rushes ( Juncus ), blueberry (Vaccinium ) and willows (Salix ) and peas ( Pisum sativum ) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Occasionally they can be harmful to occur in the garden and field crops. They usually sit open on the food plants, also a reason for the numerous observations and large number of food plants. The caterpillar pupates into a Erdkokon in the soil. The species overwinters as a pupa.
Endangering
The Erbseneule is widely used in Germany and area- wise proliferates, so that it applies to the Red List of Threatened Species as not at risk.
Systematics and Taxonomy
The species was scientifically described in 1758 by Carolus Linnaeus in the tenth edition of Systema Naturae first time as Phalaena Noctua pisi. She was later found also to the genera Polia Ochsenheimer, 1816 and Mamestra Ochsenheimer, 1816. According to the current state of the system can pisi Linnaeus, 1758 but will be provided to any of these two (valid) species. It is now assigned to the genus Ceramica Guenée 1852 general ..